WE MUST NOW ‘ARABESQUE’ IN TIME BACK FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO THE

1. WE MUST NOW ‘ARABESQUE’ IN TIME BACK FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO THE EARLY CHURCH, THEN THE CRUSADES, AND JOURNEY IN SPACE FROM FLORENCE TO BETHLEHEM AND JERUSALEM

2. HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITYVIII. PILGRIMAGE AND CRUSADE

3. PILGRIMAGE • EGERIA • PAULA AND EUSTOCHIUM • IRISH PILGRIMS (WHITE MARTYRS) • ANGLO-SAXON PILGRIMS • ARCULF 679-682 • VIKING PILGRIMS

5. THE FOUR GREAT PILGRIMAGES: • CANTERBURY • COMPOSTELA • ROME • JERUSALEM

6. THE THREE IRISH FORMS OF PERFECTION • RED MARTYRDOM VIOLENT DEATH • WHITE MARTYRDOM PILGRIM EXILE • BLUE MARTYRDOM HERMIT MONK

7. COMPOSTELA AND THE RECONQUISTA 718-1492 • JERUSALEM AND THE CRUSADES 1039-1291

8. COMPOSTELA AND THE RECONQUISTA OF SPAIN • 718-1492

9. SAINT JAMES OF COMPOSTELA • SPAIN UNDER MOSLEM RULE TOLERANT OF JEWS AND CHRISTIANS • SPAIN UNDER CHRISTIANS BECAME MOST INTOLERANT OF JEWS AND MUSLIMS • IN THE NEW WORLD WOULD EXTERMINATE NATIVE POPULATIONS

11. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL • ROMAN HISPANIA • VISIGOTHIC (ARIAN) SPAIN, 410-711 • 587 VISIGOTHIC RULER CONVERTS TO CATHOLICISM • AL ANDALUZ, MOSLEM SPAIN, 711-1492 • CHRISTIAN RECONQUISTA, 718-1492 • FERDINAND III, KING OF THE THREE RELIGIONS • ALFONSO X EL SABIO • FERDINAND AND ISABELLA, THEIR MOST CATHOLIC MAJESTIES, INQUISITION AGAINST JEWS AND MUSLIMS, UNION OF CASTILLE AND ARAGON, VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, 1492

12. CORDOBA, SPAIN AL-ANDALUZ

16. JERUSALEM HAD BEEN IN MUSLIM HANDS SINCE 637 SPAIN AND PORTUGAL HAD BEEN IN MUSLIM HANDS SINCE 711

17. ALFONSO X EL SABIO ORSANMICHELE Listen to the Cantigas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fk135H0cxnE

18. VIKINGS • NORMANDY • BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066 • NORMANS IN SICILY

19. BAYEUX TAPESTRY

20. UR, STANDARD OF WAR AND PEACE, 2700 B.C.

21. BAYEUX TAPESTRY AFTER 1066

22. KING HAROLD OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS KILLED AT SENLAC, 1066, BY THE NORMANS, THE ENGLISH FIGHTING ON FOOT, THE NORMANS ON HORSEBACK HAVING STIRRUPS LYNN WHITE, JR, MEDIEVAL TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE

25. JERUSALEM AND THE CRUSADES 1039-1291

26. THE ‘ARABESQUING’ OF CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY IN THE GOSPELS AND NEW TESTAMENT IS A PACIFIST RELIGION WITH THE CRUSADES IT TURNS INTO ITS OPPOSITE THE GREAT HISTORIAN SIR STEVEN RUNCIMAN SAID ‘CRUSADE IS A DIRTY WORD’

27. SIR STEVEN RUNCIMAN AT 87 ‘CRUSADE’ IS A DIRTY WORD

28. MAHOMET 570-632

29. HERETIC AND INFIDEL • A HERETIC IS THE ‘OTHER’, A DIVISION FROM THE GROUP. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH COULD CONDEMN A HERETIC, TURNING HIM/HER OVER TO THE SECULAR ARM TO BE BURNED AT THE STAKE. • ONE COULD SAY THAT TO JEWS CHRISTIANITY IS HERESY, AND TO CHRISTIANS ISLAM IS HERESY. • THE INFIDEL IS OUTSIDE ANY OF THESE GROUPS. BUT IN THE CRUSADES JEWS AND MUSLIMS WERE CONSIDERED BY CHRISTIANS AS INFIDELS DESERVING OF SLAUGHTER, THEIR MURDERERS EVEN RECEIVING THE ‘INDULGENCE’, THEIR SOULS BEING SAVED FOR THIS ACT. • IN WAR, ENEMIES MIRROR EACH OTHER

30. VIKING CHESS SET BRITISH MUSEUM

31. THE PEOPLES OF THE BOOK • JEWS, TORAH IN HEBREW • CHRISTIANS, GOSPEL IN GREEK, ETC. • MUSLIMS, KORAN IN ARABIC

34. ISLAM • MONOTHEISTIC, REJECTS TRINITY • PROHIBITION OF IMAGES/ IDOLS • PROTECTS ‘PEOPLES OF THE BOOK’ (JEWS, CHRISTIANS, MUSLIM) • LAITY PRAY FIVE TIMES A DAY • KORAN INCLUDES MARY AND JESUS • ISLAM CONSIDERS JESUS & MAHOMET PROPHETS • OBLIGATION TO ASSIST THE POOR • JIHAD TO CONVERT THE INFIDEL (NOT JEWS OR CHRISTIANS, WHO ARE THE OTHER ‘PEOPLES OF THE BOOK’) • PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA, JERUSALEM

35. SONG OF ROLAND ‘PAIENS UNT TORT ET CRETIENS UNT DROIT’ PAGANS ARE WRONG, AND CHRISTIANS ARE RIGHT DESCRIBES MUSLIMS AS WORSHIPPING A TRINITY OF IDOLS, MAHOUND, APOLLYON & TERMAGENT, DEMONIZING THEM THE SHADOW

36. COUNCIL OF CLERMONT 1039 POPE URBAN II CALLED FOR FIRST CRUSADE TO WIN BACK JERUSALEM AND PROTECT THE EMPEROR OF CONSTANTINOPLE AGAINST THE MUSLIM TURKS REQUIRED NORMAN KNIGHTS (CALLED FRANKS) TO MAKE VOW TO PROTECT THE HELPLESS, WIDOWS AND ORPHANS, AND ALL WOMEN

37. INVENTION OF STIRRUP • THEREFORE USE OF MORE ARMOUR • CHIVALRY, ON ‘HORSEBACK’ • CODE OF CONDUCT • PROTECTION OF WOMEN • COATS OF ARMS, HERALDRY • TOURNAMENTS

38. ST PETER’S BANNER GIVEN BY POPE ALEXANDER II TO DUKE WILLIAM OF NORMANDY HERE ST DENIS (DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE) IN A VISION GIVES ORIFLAMME TO CRUSADER

40. PILGRIMAGE AND CRUSADE INDULGENCE • MIXTURE OF IRISH CONCEPT OF PURGATORY AND ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF JIHAD AGAINST INFIDELS WINNING PARADISE • DEMONIZING OF THE ‘SARACENS’

41. FIRST CRUSADE 1095-1099 ‘DIEU LE VEULT’ GOD WILLS IT PETER THE HERMIT SEIGE OF ANTIOCH ‘MON JOIE ST DENIS’ SEIGE OF JERUSALEM

42. EMPEROR ALEXIUS OF CONSTANTINOPLE • PEOPLE’S CRUSADE • NORMANS FROM NORMANDY AND SICILY • GODFREY OF BOUILLON • BEHEMOND & TANCRED OF TARANTO • COUNT RAYMOND OF TOULOUSE • COUNT ROBERT OF FLANDERS • DUKE ROBERT OF NORMANDY

43. JERUSALEM CONQUERED IN 1099 • GODFREY OF BOUILLON AND HIS BROTHER BALDWIN • BALDWIN CROWNED KING OF JERUSALEM, CHRISTMAS DAY 1100

46. FLORENTINE PAZZINO DE’ PAZZI FIRST ON WALL OF JERUSALEM • EASTER SUNDAY • DOVE WITH HOLY FIRE • CHURCH OF THE HOLY APOSTLES IN PIAZZA LIMBO

47. FOUNDING OF MONASTIC ORDERS OF KNIGHTS • HOSPITALLERS OF ST JOHN (KNIGHTS OF MALTA) • TEMPLARS • IN SPAIN, KNIGHTS OF SANTIAGO DI COMPOSTELA • IN GERMANY, TEUTONIC KNIGHTS

48. SECOND CRUSADE 1147-1149 PREACHED BY ST BERNARD, AN UTTER FAILURE HORNS OF HATTIM AND SEIGE OF JERUSALEM, SALADIN 1187 MARGARET OF JERUSALEM

49. THIRD CRUSADE 1189-1192 SALADIN AND KING RICHARD THE LION HEART

50. FOURTH CRUSADE 1202-1204 VENICE ZARA CONSTANTINOPLE, ALEXIUS III BALDWIN OF FLANDERS BECOMES EMPEROR OF CONSTANTINOPLE CHRISTIAN CONSTANTINOPLE SACKED BY CRUSADERS, WEAKENED, WILL STRENGTHEN ISLAMIC WORLD WHEN IT FALLS VILLEHARDOIN, CHRONICLE