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Challenges in Promoting OSH in Asia: Response to Globalization

Challenges in Promoting OSH in Asia: Response to Globalization. Seiji Machida. SafeWork, ILO. Trade Union Action Plan on OSH. Responding to the need of member National OSH Situation Developments in Asia International Developments (ILO, ICFTU).

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Challenges in Promoting OSH in Asia: Response to Globalization

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  1. Challenges in Promoting OSH in Asia: Response to Globalization Seiji Machida SafeWork, ILO

  2. Trade Union Action Plan on OSH • Responding to the need of member • National OSH Situation • Developments in Asia • International Developments (ILO, ICFTU)

  3. What are the priority steps for improving OSH in your country? • National OSH Policy to be implemented • National Committee on OSH • OSH Committee at Trade Unions • Implementation of trade union OSH policy • SME low cost improvements • OSH law • Define the roles of each parties (G.E.W)

  4. Fiji laws regulation exist, OSH as a part of Working Conditions : Collective bargaining integrating OSH • Special Training (women) • Trade Union OSH Policy • Guidelines for workers and industry • New OSH Institute • Awareness among workers

  5. Objectives of the ILO programme on OSH • Ratification/use of ILO OSH Conventions, codes, guides • Establishment of National SafeWork Programme

  6. National SafeWork Programme • OSH Programme officially announced by the government for mid-term period (Government Commitment) • Coverage: whole OSH issues, priority industry (mining/construction), hazards (chemicals/silicosis) • Tripartite Consultation

  7. Contents • Encouraging Developments in Asia • ILO Support • Challenges in Asia • Role of Workers’ Organizations

  8. Encouraging Developments • Improvements of Accident Statistics • Upgrading of OSH Legislation • Expansion of Information, Training and Promotion Programmes • OSH Programmes by Employers’ & Workers’ Organizations

  9. Number of Industrial Accidents

  10. Ratification of ILO Conventions • Occupational Safety and Health Convention, No.155: Viet Nam (‘94), Mongolia (‘98) • Chemicals Convention, No.170: China (‘95) • Safety and Health in Mines Convention, No.174: Philippines(‘98)

  11. New OSH Legislation • Malaysia:OSH Act (‘94) • Fiji: OSH Act (‘96) • Hong Kong OSH Ordinance (‘97) • China: Chemical Safety Regulation (‘96)

  12. Strengthening of OSH Supporting Institutions • Malaysia: NIOSH (1992) • Indonesia: OSH Training Centre (1995) • Singapore: OSH Training Centre Expanded (1997) • Thailand: Strengthening of NICE (1997) • Nepal: OSH Centre (1998)

  13. OSH Management System and Safety Auditing • Singapore: Auditing for Construction(‘96) • Indonesia: OSH Management Regulation (’96) • Thailand: OSH-MS Standard (‘98) • China: Circular on OSH-MS (‘99) and Certification (‘00) • Korea: KOSHA 2000 Programme (‘00)

  14. Expansion of OSH Training • Safety Officer Training in Thailand - over 100 authorized training institutions - over 100,000 trained in one year (‘97-’98) • Construction Safety Training in Singapore - link with work permit - in Chinese, Thai, Malay, Tamil, Bengali

  15. Support to OSH Programmes by Compensation Fund • Malaysia: funding NIOSH, other programmes • Hong Kong: 2% of insurance premium • Korea: 5% of appropriation • Thailand: 22% of interest of the fund for OSH promotion and rehabilitation

  16. OSH Programme by Employers’ and Workers’ Organizations • OSH Unit/Officer at Employers Organizations Malaysia (‘96), Thailand (‘97), China (‘97), Mongolia (‘98) • OSH Training by Workers’ Organizations Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China Mongolia, Pakistan, Bangladesh

  17. ILO Support in Asia • Publication of guides on OSH in Asia • Comprehensive review of OSH programme - China, Thailand • Support training programmes - translation of ILO materials - developing new training packages

  18. Technical Co-operation Projects • ILO FINNIDA Regional Project (ASIA-OSH) - launched in 1992 - focus on OSH information and training - Asia Pacific Newsletter • ILO DANIDA Inter-regional Projects - Supporting selected one year programmes (China, Viet Nam, Mongolia, Philippines, India) • ILO DANIDA Support to the Nepal OSH Centre

  19. ILO Support in China • Implement Chemicals Convention - chemical safety regulation - labeling and CSDS standards - training programme - chemical safety campaign

  20. ILO Support in Viet Nam • Silicosis Elimination - desk review on prevailing situation - elaborate national programme - support for programme implementation • First National Safety Week:May 1999 - mobilized 5 million people in all provinces • OSH Training in construction and fishing

  21. Global Estimates (Annually) • 1.2 million work-related deaths • 250 million accidents • 160 million work-related diseases • 4% of gross national product is lost

  22. SafeWorkGoals Protecting workers in hazardous jobs Extending protection Promoting workers’ health and well-being Showing that protection pays

  23. Challenges in Asia • Develop Comprehensive OSH Law • Improve Accident and Occupational Disease Data • Expand Training Programme & Mechanism • Support to Small Enterprises • Special Programmes: Construction, Mining • Mobilization of Fund

  24. Recent OSH Conventions • C155: Occupational Safety and Health • C161: Occupational Health Services • C162: Asbestos • C167: Construction Safety • C170: Chemicals • C174: Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents • C176: Safety and Health in Mines • New: Safety and Health in Agriculture

  25. Improve Accident /Disease Data • Detailed analysis of available data - ILO code, new ILO standard • Expand the coverage of workmen’s compensation scheme • Occupational disease diagnosis • Programmes for specific targets: SME, Construction

  26. Training Programme and Mechanism • Reach All Workers • Special Training for Hazardous Work • High Quality: Training Materials • Occupational Health • Nation Wide Coverage: Network • Support by legislation

  27. Support Small Enterprises • Practical Information • Technical Advisory Service • Environment Monitoring • Medical Examination • Financial Support: Subsidy • Promote Exchange of Experience

  28. Mobilization of Funds • Workmen’s Compensation Fund • New Training Requirements • International Support

  29. Role of Workers’ Organizations • Active participation in the national OSH dialogue - ratification of ILO OSH Conventions • Designation high-level focal point and Creating OSH units • Establishing nation-wide OSH network

  30. Role of Workers’ Organizations- continued - • Active participation in OSH Committees at the enterprises • Sharing of practical local OSH improvements • Inclusion of OSH issues in the collective bargaining agreements

  31. Key to Success • Practical Action • Strategic Multiple Programme • Tripartite Collaboration

  32. Need for strengthening OSH Measures • Rapid industrial developments (GDP growth of 5-10%) • Increase in Accidents and Diseases • Countries in Transition of Economy

  33. Limitation in the Region • difficulties in increasing government inspectors • variety of industrial activities and changing technology -----> Require effective approach OSH-MS as a powerful tool

  34. OSH Management Systems • Clarification of Employer’s Responsibility • Commitment/Leadership of Employers • Worker Participation • OSH-MS ensures sustainability of action (Continual Improvement)

  35. ILO Guidelines’ definition of OSH-MS A set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish OSH policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives

  36. ILO/OSH 2001 Main Elements of OSH-MS • Policy • Organizing • Planning and Implentation • Evaluation • Action for improvement

  37. Advantage of Systems Approach • Continual Improvement • Third party checking (government inspection) should focus on system audit • No detailed site inspection • Worker Participation as a key for success • Self-control • Cost effective for government

  38. Different application of OSH-MS in Asia • National guidelines without certification Japan • Voluntary certification China, Indonesia, Korea, Thailand • Compulsory third party audit Hong Kong, Singapore

  39. Difference of OSH-MSfrom ISO 9000 • Wide application including Small Enterprises desirable • Link/non-link with Inspection • Link with other OSH promotions • Various approaches are possible • Workers play critical role

  40. OSH-MS as a key element of National OSH Policy and Programmes • Nation Policy on the strategic use of OSH-MS ---> National OSH-MS Framework • Target wide application (including SME) • Review role of inspectorate • OSH Services • Competence training • Auditors • Incentives, Certification (option)

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