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The Navajo Nation. Background 1868 Treaty Right to Exclude – Williams v. Lee Education. Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us. Congressional Treatment circa 1950. 1947 Appropriation Utah Land Exchange/Airport (1949) Navajo-Hopi Rehabilitation Act (1950) 25 U.S.C. § 633
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The Navajo Nation • Background • 1868 Treaty • Right to Exclude – Williams v. Lee • Education Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Congressional Treatment circa 1950 • 1947 Appropriation • Utah Land Exchange/Airport (1949) • Navajo-Hopi Rehabilitation Act (1950) • 25 U.S.C. § 633 • Subsequent amendments • Austin v. Andrus (1981) • NN v US (2009) Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
1964 Civil Rights Act – Title VII • “race, color, religion, sex, or national origin” discrimination • Mundt amendment (“Indian preference programs now in operation or later to be instituted”) • 1988 Guidance (per Thomas) • 638 amendment (1994) Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Early Navajo Nation Initiatives • Tribal preference guidelines (1973) • Department of Labor position • U.S. Commission on Civil Rights position (1975) • EEOC involvement (SRP settlement) Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
DOI Leasing • IMLA, Long-term Leasing Act, Rehabilitation Act • Austin v. Andrus (1981) • S. Udall deposition Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://fryelaw.us
Judicial Backdrop • Dawavendewa I (1998) • cert. denied • Karuk (2001) • Dawavendewa II (2002) • cert. denied Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Peabody I (D. Ct.) • Rule 19 dismissal – Navajo Nation absent Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Peabody II (9th Cir.) • Reversal: EEOC join Navajo Nation if no affirmative relief sought against it • cert. denied Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Peabody III (D. Ct.) • Rule 19 dismissal – EEOC indeed sought affirmative relief against Navajo Nation • Rule 19 dismissal – Secretary of Interior absent • National trusteeship policies • Leasing Regulations • Consistent Practice Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Peabody IV (9th Cir.) • Ignore EEOC’s pleadings • Secretary can be impleaded under Rule 14 • cert. denied Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Peabody V (D. Ct.) • Peabody impleaded Secretary • Secretary’s position – consistent with Solicitor General’s position Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us
Peabody VI (9th Cir.) • Argued May 2014 • Strong Federal brief Frye Law Firm, P.C. http://www.fryelaw.us