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The transition to Early Modern

The transition to Early Modern. Gridsheets!. From medieval. Key Terms. humanism Anamorphosis self-fashioning age of print authorization sprezzatura poetry or poesy counterfeiting . Government Common weal body politic divine right of kings natural law common law tyranny

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The transition to Early Modern

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  1. The transition to Early Modern Gridsheets! From medieval

  2. Key Terms • humanism • Anamorphosis • self-fashioning • age of print • authorization • sprezzatura • poetry or poesy • counterfeiting • Government • Common weal • body politic • divine right of kings • natural law • common law • tyranny • courtesy books

  3. Major changes…. • Printing Press (1475) • Protestant Reformation (Luther: 1517) as split from Catholicism • End of Wars of Roses and establishment of royal house of Tudor uniting Lancaster and York (1485) • Reintroduction (via Italy) of Humanistic learning & recovery of classical Greece • Discovery of ‘New World’ by Spanish, 1492

  4. Changes in Worldview • Humanism—rise of belief in ability of individual to understand and shape his world • Self-fashioning—belief that you weren’t divinely locked in a place in the social order but could change that through your efforts • Reformation—no longer required an institutional church to mediate salvation • ‘Otherness’—increasing English isolation from Continent

  5. Impact on Literature • Increased levels of popular literacy • Stronger public demand for literature draws out new genres and modes of publication—Short Title Catalog • Impact of the printing press (multiple, consistent copies of works) • Writers can earn a living • Major genres:lyric poetry (esp. the sonnet), drama, non-fiction prose

  6. The succession problem leads to anxieties about power and authority

  7. Importance of government (macro) and self-government (micro) • Question of authority: divine right of kings or derived from the people? • Rise of belief in the Common Law and the commonweal—increased influence of House of Commons • Conflict between Westminster (the King) and the City (business, money, power) • Many treatises—rise of non-fiction prose

  8. Self-Government • No more ‘estates’ that keep you in your place • Self-fashioning: you are what you make of yourself • Counterfeiting: both good and bad—assuming the manners of your betters, being something you are not. Age of drama and acting (counterfeiting)…. • ‘Courtesy’—adopting the manners of a courtier—Castiglione, Vives, Macchiavelli • Lower classes counterfeiting manners of upper classes to move up • Ability to use literacy (esp. lyric poetry) mark of a courtier

  9. Changes in Education • No longer the exclusive province of the Church—secularized • No longer totally “do what we say” • Increased emphasis on questioning and dialogue over rote memorization • Not only religious “auctoritees” but now rediscovered Classical historians, philosophers, orators, etc.

  10. Educators • First great age of educational theory • Establishment of a standard grammar (Lily’s Latin grammar) • Erasmus, Mulcaster, Ascham extremely influential—tutors to royal family and therefore shapers of education of courtiers • By time of James I, first attempts at dictionaries of English

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