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Systems Engineering Management

Systems Engineering Management. Day 3: SEM and Environmental Engineering Sarah Bell. Programme . Learning Outcomes. Understand value of SEM in achieving sustainable development Knowledge of key tools used to incorporate sustainability into large projects and systems

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Systems Engineering Management

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  1. Systems Engineering Management Day 3: SEM and Environmental Engineering Sarah Bell

  2. Programme

  3. Learning Outcomes • Understand value of SEM in achieving sustainable development • Knowledge of key tools used to incorporate sustainability into large projects and systems • Environmental Management Systems • Life Cycle Assessment • Sustainability assessment

  4. What is a system? • Properties of a system • Architect • Multiple parts • Interaction between parts • Emergent properties

  5. Systems thinking • Organisation and connection between components • Holism and ‘cause and effect thinking’ • Hierarchy • Partitioning • Lifecycles • Subjectivity

  6. What is systems engineering? Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, and then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem. Systems Engineering considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs (INCOSE).

  7. Why is Systems Engineering of interest to Environmental Engineers? • Environmental systems thinking • Holism, hierarchy, partitioning, lifecycles • Managing environmental projects and systems • Requirements, users, systems architecture etc • Integrate environment and sustainability into large projects

  8. Key concepts • V-diagram • Left shift • Requirements capture • Systems integration • Systems design team

  9. Systems Engineering: SPMTE Stages When Defines Processes Defines What Supported by Methods How Defines What & How Tools Enhances What & How Environment Enhances

  10. The V diagram

  11. User need The V diagram Validation User Satisfaction Verification User Requirements Acceptance Tests Verification System Requirements System Tests Partitioning Verification Architectural Design Integration Tests Integration Sub-system Development Sub-system Tests

  12. Left shift

  13. Left shift Effort Left Shift Typical The cost of problems Time Avoiding unnecessary work Avoiding rework Delivery

  14. Requirements and Acceptance Customers/Users Needs Statement Of Requirements Method Of Acceptance Customer – Supplier Divide Suppliers Development Strategy For every requirement there must be an unambiguous method of acceptance All derived requirements should be traceable to the customer requirements Requirements and acceptance methods shouldbe related – changing one forces a change in the other

  15. Requirements and Architectural Design Stakeholder Requirements System Requirements Architectural Design

  16. Requirements Elaboration Functional Modelling Statement Of Need Stakeholder Requirements System Requirements Sub-system Requirements Usage Modelling Architectural Design Performance Modelling Requirements cannot be elaborated to sub-systemlevel without a concurrent modelling process

  17. System of Systems Integration Different overlays provide different capability Connectivity overlays Asset Map

  18. Integration of Specialisations A system engineer does not need to know everything but should know what the limits of his/her knowledge is. Systems Engineer System Domain Systems Engineers Domain Engineers Component Domain

  19. System Design Team • Platform for SE to organise and lead the technical aspects of the development • Develops requirements at all levels • System architecture • System design • Fabrication • Test • Installation • Acceptance The SE should have a major say in the function and make-up of such a group. (Reilly 1993)

  20. Syndicate exercise • How would you set up a systems design team to deliver an upgrade of the Act On CO2 carbon footprint calculator to incorporate indirect carbon impacts of waste and water?

  21. Syndicate exercise http://actonco2.direct.gov.uk/index.html

  22. Syndicate exercise • What is the role of the systems engineer? • What other roles are needed? • How would you ‘left-shift’? • How would you follow the ‘v-diagram’? • How would you capture requirements?

  23. Sustainable Systems Engineering Management

  24. Tools for sustainable systems • Part of the ‘context’ of a project • Policy drivers • Requirements capture and testing • One of the specialisations in the System Design Team

  25. Systems Engineering and Sustainable Development • Limits • People • Politics • Equity • Uncertainty and complexity? • Fallacy of control?

  26. SEM and Sustainable Development • Soft systems • Stakeholders • All systems are soft systems? • Defining system boundaries • The planet? • Local and global • Defining goals and objectives

  27. SEM and Sustainable Development • Bottom up emergence • Top-down architecture design and control • Dynamic systems, dynamic requirements • Responsiveness to environmental and social change

  28. SEM What is it good for? • Large projects • Integration of systems and sub-systems • Capturing requirements • Testing requirements

  29. SEM What does it need to work on? • Stakeholders • Client management • Participation, deliberation • Modesty? • Dynamic systems, complexity, emergence, bottom up

  30. Environmental Systems Engineers cf technical experts • Participatory v contributory knowledge • Integrators • Environment • Technology • People

  31. Integrating sustainability into large projects • The Natural Step • Environmental Management Systems • Life Cycle Assessment • Sustainability assessment

  32. The Natural Step www.naturalstep.org

  33. Basic scientific principles • Nothing disappears • Conservation of matter • First law of thermodynamics • Everything spreads • Second law of thermodynamics • There is value in structure • Economics and ecosystems • Photosynthesis pays the bills

  34. The funnel

  35. Four System Conditions In a sustainable society, nature is not subject to systematically increasing: • concentrations of substances extracted from the earth’s crust • concentrations of substances produced by society • degradation by physical means • and, in that society, people are no subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs

  36. Manfred Max-Neef’s Nine Human Needs • Subsistence • Protection • Affection • Understanding • Participation • Leisure • Creation • Identity • Freedom

  37. Backcasting • Start from vision of sustainable system • Work backwards to develop plans and actions to achieve change

  38. ABCD Process

  39. Pret a Manger • ‘Charity run’ food for homeless shelters, diverted four tonnes per week from landfill • Electric vans, reduce CO2 emssions by 3 tonnes per year • Changing packaging saved 8 tonnes of waste to landfill per year • Electricity from 100% renewable sources

  40. ICI Paints and Forum for the Future • TNS framework to develop user friendly Life Cycle Assessment tool • Used for senior managers to highlight most harmful points in supply chain, process and product life • Identify high level strategic priorities for improving sustainability

  41. The Natural Step References • www.naturalstep.org • Cook D. (2004) The Natural Step Totnes, Green Books.

  42. Environmental Management Systems

  43. Environmental Management Systems • Manage environmental issues systematically, efficiently and efficiently • Part of overall management system • Produce corporate environmental plan which will lead to improved environmental performance

  44. Drivers for implementing EMS • Energy efficiency • Waste minimisation • Green image • Competitive advantage • Supply chain pressures • Environmental legislation protectin • Staff morale and corporate social responsibility

  45. EMS – Improving Environmental Performance • Setting goals and objectives • Identify, obtain and organise resources • Identify and assess options • Assess risks and priorities • Implement selected set of options • Audit performance and provide feedback • Apply environmental management tools

  46. EMS – Factors for Success • Commitment and senior levels • Integration with business plan • Goals and objectives set at senior levels • Feedback on success with appropriate adjustments • Continual improvement

  47. Integrated Management System

  48. Environmental Management Programme • Schedules, resources and responsibilities • Specific actions and priorities • Individual processes, projects, products, services, sites and facilities • Dynamic and revised regularly

  49. EMS EMP Relatively independent subsystems Applied sciences and engineering Focus on error-free operations Data on day-to-day operations • Systematic and comprehensive • Proactive • Corporate level commitment • Feedback and continual improvement • Teamwork

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