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바이오화학 산업의 탄생과 전망

바이오화학 산업의 탄생과 전망 . 2011. 3. 29 . 서울대학교 화학생물공학부 유영제. 최근 상황. 원유 가격 상승 원유 고갈 지구온난화 . Next 10-20 years. Aging society, Better medical cares Environment and energy crisis • CO 2 emission • High oil price - Sustainable society ( 저탄소 녹색성장 필요 ).

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바이오화학 산업의 탄생과 전망

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  1. 바이오화학 산업의 탄생과 전망 2011. 3. 29 서울대학교 화학생물공학부 유영제

  2. 최근 상황 • 원유 가격 상승 • 원유 고갈 • 지구온난화

  3. Next 10-20 years Aging society, Better medical cares Environment and energy crisis • CO2 emission • High oil price - Sustainable society (저탄소 녹색성장 필요)

  4. 차세대 성장동력으로 가장 필요하거나 기여를 할 것이라 생각하는 기술 분야 (공학한림원)

  5. 미래학자엘빈 토플러 • 부의 중심축이 유럽→미국→아시아로 옮겨지는 지각변동 • 이 일어나고 있다. • 모든 것은 변화한다. • (예) 경제위기 • (예) 보건의료산업 • (진찰을 받으려면 병원에 → 언제어디서나) • 지식혁명은 전지구적으로 확장되고 있다.

  6. 근대화, 식민지화(정치) 산업기반사회, 국가역할 Global화, FTA(경제) 지식기반사회, 개인역할 100년전 20세기 21세기 쇄국정책 명치유신 ?

  7. CO2 reduction Bio-based Chemicals High oil price Answer for environment and energy crisis : Technology innovation

  8. 1900 1950 2010 Petroleum-based energy & chemicals Coal-based energy & chemicals Bio-based energy & chemicals

  9. New Paradigm Environmental Conservation CO2 CO2 > 수 천만년 Biomass 화석자원 Petrochemical Biorefinery Energy, Chemicals 석유 생물/화학적 전환 유가상승 고갈 Petroleum-based chemical industry Bio-based chemical industry

  10. Du Pont 회사 - 1세대 : 화약 - 2세대 : 고분자, 석유화학 - 3세대 : 바이오 융합 (바이오화학, 종자) • 새로운 technology = 새로운 기회 : 벤쳐설립, 또는 융합해야

  11. 바이오화학산업 • Industrial Biotechnology - Microbial - Enzymatic • Chemical Technology - Catalytic - Polymer

  12. 발효/바이오 산업 • 아미노산, 핵산 발효 – CJ, 대상 • 항생제 생산 - 제약회사 • 비타민 생산 – BASF • 주정 (Ethanol) 생산 • Taxol 생산 –삼양제넥스 • 치료용 단백질 생산 – LG, 셀트리온 • GABA – MH2 • Butanol - SK

  13. Feedstock Bioprocessing Product Fermentation Enzymatic PRODUCT LINES Biocatalyst Bioreactor Recovery product Biomass Industrial Biotechnology • Biotechnology for the production of energy and chemicals from biomass. • Bioconversion technology for energy and chemicals.

  14. Industrial Biotechnology • Bioenergy • Chemical feedstock • Biopolymers • Perfomance chemicals * Platform technology

  15. Bioenergy • Methane • Biodiesel • Bioethanol • Biobuthanol • Biohydrogen • Methane from carbon dioxide • Methanol from methane

  16. Bioenergy - Bioethanol Current situation : - Ethanol from sugar cane : Brazil - Ethanol from corn : USA - Ethanol from sugarcane, tapioca, cassava : Asia, Ex) Changhae Ethanol – Papua New Gunea E10- Philippines, Thailand Future trend : - Ethanol from cellulosic materials (bagasse, rice straw, switch grass, WASTES…) - Ethanol from marine resources (algae, ---)

  17. Bioenergy - Biodiesel • Oil sources • - Soy bean oil • - Palm oil, Coconut oil • - Rapeseed oil / Canola oil • - Jatropa oil • - Oilfrom algae CH2 OH R1 COO R’ CH2 OOC R1 Catalyst OH CH2 + R2 COO R’ + CH2 OOC R2 3R’OH R3 COO R’ CH2 OH OOC CH2 R3 Alcohol Triglyceride Fatty acid esters Glycerol • Process • - Chemical catalyst • - Biocatalyst

  18. Biodiesel (SNU Process) Product Oil/ Methanol Oil/FAME/Glycerol/MeOH Membrane module Reactor Glycerol Oil/FAME/Glycerol/MeOH MeOH Methanol MeOH/Glycerol

  19. WhyBioenergy ? • Greenhouse effect • Sustainability • Rural economy • National energy security • New industry/jobs • Biorefinery (chemicals) • Eco-City model

  20. Feedstock chemicals Current Future Bulk Chemicals Feedstcok Chemicals • Ethylene • Propylene • Vinyl chloride • Styrene • Butadiene • Benzene • Terephthalic acid • Ethanol • Lactic Acid • Succinic Acid

  21. Feedstock in USA • 12 building blocks

  22. Ethanol ethylene, propylene, butadiene Ethylene glycol Biomass Lactic acid polylactide, acrylic acid, ethyl lactate Succinic acid 1,4-butanediol, butyrolactone 2,3-BDO Butadiene Isoprene rubber biodiesel glycerol Plant oil polyurethane, 1,3-propandiol, glycerol carbonate PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) GABA Nylon Amino acid Sorbitol - isosorbide

  23. Plastics Fibers Catalytic Distillation Polymerization PLA (< $2.2/kg) Lactide Bio-based Solvents Alcohol Carbohydrates Ethyl Lactate (Lactete Esters) Biosolvent Blends Blending Esterification Metabolic engineering Fermentation & Purification Lactic Acid (< $1.0/kg) Propylene glycol Hydrogenolysis Propylene Oxide Dehydration Acrylic acid Methyl acrylate Catalytic Dehydration C3 chemicals

  24. C3 chemicals • PLA (polylactic acid) • - Cargil-Dow : 140,000 ton / year from lactic acid of corn-starch origin • - Brandname : NatureWorks® Ingeo TM fiber

  25. Water removal Water removal catalyst 200 oC 10 Torr Lactic acid (88 wt%) Lactic acid purification Fermentation & Purification PLA prepolymer Lactide residual lactide CH3 CH3 145 oC 50 Torr 125-165 oC 760 Torr Metabolic engineering 150 oC 10 Torr OH OH H H O O CH CH C C Lactide purification catalyst O O n n-2 Carbohydrates 185 oC 10 Torr Ring opening polymerization Cargill, US 5,142,023 (1992); US 7,144,977 (2006) Devolatilizer PLA pellets + D/L-Lactide PLA from lactic acid

  26. C4 chemicals

  27. Strain development for succinic acid • High record : 75 hrs fermentation, 110 g/L succinic acid , 110% yield • ( Eiteman group, Georgia Tech, USA)

  28. Biomass Handling Enzyme Production Expensive Step!!! Ethanol Biomass Pretreatment Cellulose Hydrolysis Glucose Fermentation Ethanol Recovery Lignin Utilization for Energy or Chemicals Pentose Fermentation C2 chemicals

  29. C2 chemicals $0.45/kg Ethanol >$1.0/kg $1.5/kg Acetaldehyde Ethylene Butadiene Ethyl Derivatives Polyethylene Acetic acid Butadiene Rubber Esters Acetanhydride Polyacrylonitrile Alcoholates Vinyl acetate Ethylene oxide Catalysts Fuel additives Vinyl chloride Ethylene glycol Polyvinyl chloride Polyethylene glycol Paraldehyde

  30. Biopolymer • Biodegradable • Biocompatible • Sustainable • Environmently benign

  31. Biopolymers • Natural polymer • Starch, cellulose, pectins, alginate, carrageenans, chitin/chitosan, hyaluronic acid • Polymer from microorganism • PHA, polyglutamate, pullulan, curdlan, dextrans, levan • Bio-based polymer • PLA (lactic acid), PCL (caprolactone) • PBS: 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid • PTT: 1,3-propanediol, terephthalic acid • Nylon 4 • Polyamino acids: aspartic acid • Epoxy resin/polyurethane: plant oil • Polyphenols: cardanol, arbutin

  32. Biopolymers - PHA • PHA • - Thermoplastic, processing to film or fiber • - 1980 ICI (England) : PHBV(P(3HB-co-3HV)) production • 1990 ICI (England), Monsanto (USA) : Biopol production • - Metabolix (USA) • cost < 1$ /lb, cooperation with BASF, ADM, BP

  33. Bio-based polymer (Ex) Sorona (Du Pont) - Chemical technology : Daegussa - Biotechnology (from glucose) : Du Pont - Biotechnology (from glycerol) : Du Pont - Biotechnology (using biocatalyst) : ? glycerol E1 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde NADH E2 NAD 1,3 - Propandiol

  34. Performance chemicals Speciality chemicals Chemicals for pharmaceuticals Chemicals for food Chemicals for cosmetics / flavor

  35. Technology innovation • Fusions/collaborations • Platform technology for BT • - Metabolic engineering • - Enzyme engineering • - Bioprocess engineering

  36. Enzyme engineering(SNU) • 단백질구조에 근거한 활성, 안정성 향상 SNU 기술 • Spring model – flexibility – 활성 향상 • Corepacking – hydrophobicity - 안정성 향상 • Cavity design – 활성/안전성 향상 • Organic solvent 안전성 향상 • Substrate specificity 변화 • pH optimum 이동(hydrolase) • > directed evolution

  37. Enzyme engineering(SNU) • L-DOPA 합성기술 • tyrosine L-DOPA dopaquinone • tyrosinase, • electrical conversion • conversion 〉 90%

  38. Potential Market $280 Billion (McKinsey, 2003)

  39. Development of bioproducts

  40. Economically feasible? • Oil ＄60/bbl (2007) • Bioethanol become feasible. • To compete with petroleum-based chemicals and polymers • → Technology innovation is still required. • (Ex : lactic acid, succinic acid) • Environment conservation effect should be considered.

  41. Environmental effect? • Claims on the loss of rain forests (Malaysia, Brazil) • Bioenergy and biochemical from non-food crops • (Ex) Toyota : ethanol from rice straw (미국, 중국, 브라질) • More crop plantation (inland,ocean) globally • → contribution to CO2 reduction • New model for Eco-city for energy

  42. Market/Resources? • Market is growing, not big enough in one country. • → Global marketing is important. • Market generation is important. (지식경제부, 환경부) • Bioresource not evenly distributed • Global cooperation in bioresource-technology-marketing is important. • Korea : technology / business center • pilot plant in Korea • contribution to rural economy • (울산, 황해경제구역, 새만금, 대구…)

  43. Potentials of Korea’s Bio-based Chemical Industry? • Current status • Small market size / Insufficient investment • Lack of biomass resources • Possibility • World best fermentation industry ( amino acids, antibiotics ) • 5th ranked petrochemical industry • Rapid enhancement of fundamental biotechnology / manpower • Government support and strategy for BT • 신성장동력가능 • (삼성석유화학, GS-Caltex, SK, CJ, 대상…)

  44. Current efforts from government (Korea) • USA, Europe, Japan • Support for industrial biotechnology • Project report (2005) (2008) • Oil-based chemicals (2006) • Marine bioenergy (2009) • C3 compounds (2008) • Bioplastics (2009) • C4 compounds (2010)) • Biorefinery Combinat: master plan (2011)

  45. All-in • 조선 산업 • 중화학 산업 • IT 산업

  46. 10년 법칙 • Mozart • Picasso • Bill Gates

  47. 바이오화학산업기술협의회 • (Korea Counsel for Bio-based Chemical Industry & Tech) • KOREA바이오경제포럼 • (Korea Bio-Economy Forum)

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