Chapter 11 Section 5

1. Chapter 11Section 5 Effects of the War

2. Review • Holocaust • Nuremberg Laws • genocide • War Refugee Board

3. So………. What were the major immediate and long-term effects of World War II?

4. People and Terms Definitions • Yalta Conference • superpower • GATT • United Nations Vocabulary

5. People and Terms Definitions • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Geneva Convention • Nuremberg Trials • Eleanor Roosevelt Vocabulary cont.

6. Allies Set Postwar Goals • World War II different than World War I because: • World War I • In 1918 Germany surrendered before the Allies could invade • World War II • Japan and Germany fought even though defeat was certain • Axis lost battle after battle • Retreated from lands they had conquered • Saw slow destruction of their military forces

7. Allies Make Plans at Yalta • February 1945 • Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet • Discuss final strategy and questions about postwar Germany, Eastern Europe, and Asia • The Yalta Conference • The Big Three agreed that Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania would hold free elections • Roosevelt and Churchill not in good position to argue with Stalin • Stalin would later not follow agreement

8. Truman Faces Stalin at Potsdam • July 1945 • Big Three meet in a Berlin suburb Potsdam • Harry S. Truman and Clement Atlee replace FDR and Churchill • What was agreed at the meeting • Berlin would be split up into 4 squares • New borders and free elections for Poland • Soviet Union had right to claim reparations for war damages from German sector • Soviet Union join war against Japan

9. The World Map Changes • Europe • Nearly all the nations in Eastern Europe became communists states under Soviet control • Eventual split of Germany into East and West Germany • East = Communist and West = non communist • Asia • China • War between Nationalist and Communist resumed • Japan • General Douglas MacArthur constructed a new constitution and enacted democratic reforms

10. Imperialism Goes Into Decline • The war marked the end of Western European domination of the world • 1500’s to 1945 • Britain, France, and Spain conquered most of Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Americas • Controlled world trade and finance, led the industrial revolution, world military powers • 1945 to 1989 • Colonized countries wanted independence from European powers • Age of Imperialism officially over

11. The Balance of Power Shifts • United States and Soviet Union become the world superpowers • Dominant countries after World War II • United States • Clearly stronger • Besides Pearl Harbor, no major battle fought on U.S. soil • American industry had boomed during the war • Atomic bomb • Soviet Union • Much of the war had been fought on Soviet soil • Industries, cities and people suffered terribly • World’s largest military force

12. International Cooperation • After World War I • Senate rejected Treaty of Versailles • refused to join League of Nations • After World War II • Understood their new position in the world • Saw that what was done after World War I was a mistake • Ready for a world organization

13. A New World Economy Takes Shape • 1944 • U.S. pushed for a the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank • U.S. provided most of the capital for both ideas • 1948 GATT • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade • Treaty designed to expand world trade by reducing tariffs • Eleanor Roosevelt helped draft Treaty • First lady of the United States

14. The United Nations is Formed • April 1945 • United Nations (UN) • Organization which provided food and aid as well as encouraged cooperation between the nations of the world • 50 nations meet to write up charter and establish New York City as its permanent home • 5 major seats • U.S., Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China • 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Condemns slavery and torture as well as upholds freedom of speech and religion

15. War Criminals Go on Trial • Geneva Conference • International agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war • Japan • Allies tried more than a thousand Japanese citizens • Committing atrocities in China, Korea, and S.E. Asia • Brutally Mistreating prisoners • Germany • Nuremberg Trials • Allies prosecuted Nazis for war crimes • First trial involved key leaders of Nazi Germany • Many were caught in later years

16. A New American Identity • Americans image of Nazi’s • Totalitarian, racist, and warlike • America’s image • Democratic, tolerant, and peaceful • American themes repeated throughout the war • Allies fighting a “people’s war” for tolerance, freedom, democracy, and peace

17. The U.S.Assumes Global Leadership • Americans had learned to think in global terms • What they realized • That the economic and political health of America was tied to world peace and economic development • America’s national security involved world security

18. Commitment to Civil Rights Grows • Two enemies African American soldiers fought during World War II • Dictatorship overseas • Racism in the United States • World War II renewed fight for civil rights • Not only African Americans were fighting this battle • Many white Americans also called for the nation to fully live up to its promise as a beacon of freedom, democracy, and justice

19. The Nation Prospers • World War II resulted in: • Ending the Great Depression • Redistributed wealth across the country • Defense industries and military base sin the South and West • Created more wealth and encouraged migration there • Greater economic influence in economic affairs • Established the expanded role that the government would play in postwar America

20. Now in class… Answer the questions as well as fill out the chart attached with this packet