Defense

3. Defense • Pupae are usually immobile and are largely defenseless. To overcome this, a common feature is • concealed placement

4. Chrysalis • Color of gold. • When the caterpillar is fully grown, • it makes a button of silk which it uses to fasten its body to a leaf or a twig. • Then the caterpillar's skin comes off for the final time. • Under this old skin is a hard skin called a chrysalis.[5] • Because chrysalides are often showy and are formed in the open, they are the most familiar examples of pupae. • Most chrysalides are attached to a surface by a Velcro-like arrangement of a silken pad spun by the caterpillar, usually cemented to the underside of a perch, and the cremastral hook or • hooks protruding from the rear of the chrysalis or cremaster at the tip of the pupalabdomen •  by which the caterpillar fixes itself to the pad of silk. (Gr. 'kremastos'=suspend) [6]

5. Like other types of pupae, the chrysalis stage in most butterflies is one in which there is little movement. However, some butterfly pupae are capable of moving the abdominal segments to produce sounds or to scare away potential predators. • Within the chrysalis, growth and differentiation occur. • The adult butterfly emerges (ecloses) from this and expands its wings by pumping haemolymph into the wing veins.[7] • Although this sudden and rapid change from pupa to imago is often called metamorphosis, • metamorphosis is really the whole series of changes that an insect undergoes from egg to adult.

6. On emerging the butterfly uses • a liquid, sometimes called cocoonase, which softens the shell of the chrysalis. Additionally, • it uses two sharp claws located on the thick joints at the base of the forewings to help make its way out.[8] • Having emerged from the chrysalis, the butterfly will usually sit on the empty shell in order to expand and harden its wings. However, if the chrysalis was near the ground (such as if it fell off from its silk pad), the butterfly would find another vertical surface to rest upon and harden its wings (such as a wall or fence).

7. Moth pupae are usually dark in color and either formed in underground cells, loose in the soil, or their pupa is contained in a protective silk case called a cocoon. • It is important to differentiate between pupa, chrysalis and cocoon. The pupa is the stage between the larva and adult stages. The chrysalis is a butterfly pupa. A cocoon is a silk case that moths, and sometimes other insects, spin around the pupa.

10. Caterpillar Metamorphosis: The Magic Within the Chrysalis • A caterpillar spends most of its life crawling on -- and devouring -- its food source. • But when it's time to become an adult, most caterpillars start to wander away from what they've been eating. • They find a sheltered, safe spot in which to pupate, or transform into an adult. In all caterpillars, this happens inside a protective shell known as a chrysalis, but the specifics differ from species to species.

11. Let's look at the monarch caterpillar (Danausplexippus) as an example. • After wandering for a while, the caterpillar makes a simple silk pad on the underside of a branch or twig. • It uses a hook-covered appendage called a cremaster to attach itself to this pad. • It twists around, embedding its cremaster firmly in the silk. Then, • it sheds its skin, revealing the chrysalis. • The chrysalis hangs upside down from the cremaster until the butterfly is ready to emerge, or eclose.

12. Other caterpillars use variations on this process when they pupate. Instead of hanging upside down, some make a silk sling from a tree branch to support themselves as they pupate right-side up. Others create a silk hammock to support their chrysalis. The chrysalis starts out soft and skin-like, but gradually hardens to form a protective shell. Often, moth caterpillars spin a cocoon to protect their chrysalis, which starts out soft and skin-like. However, it will gradually harden to form a protective shell. The moth caterpillar may also disguise the cocoon with leaves or other debris.

13. It's easy to think of a chrysalis as something a caterpillar makes, like a cocoon, but this isn't really true. The body that the caterpillar reveals when it sheds its skin for the last time is the chrysalis. Along with the ability to occasionally twitch in response to threats, this shell is what protects the caterpillar while it transforms

14. The transformation itself is amazing. Think of it as recycling-- • if you drop a plastic bottle off in the recycling bin, it can be melted down into an entirely different shape. This is what happens inside the chrysalis. • Much of the body breaks itself down intoimaginal cells, which are undifferentiated-- like stem cells, • they can become any type of cell. • The imaginal cells put themselves back together into a new shape. • A few parts of the body, such as the legs, are more or less unchanged during this process.

15. Imaginal cells • Imaginal cell lie dormant inside a caterpillar's body, • becoming activated within the chrysalis to allow a butterfly to ultimately emerge. • Like seeds of pure potential encoded into the caterpillar's DNA, • imaginalcells are the ingredients of metamorphosis.

16. Butterfly mysteries-imaginal cells • "The caterpillars new cells are called 'imaginal cells.' • They resonate at a different frequency. • They are so totally different from the caterpillar cells that his immune system thinks they are enemies...and • gobbles them up--Chomp! Gulp! • But these new imaginal cells continue to appear. • More and more of them! Pretty soon, • the caterpillar's immune system cannot destroy them fast enough. • More and more of the imaginal cells survive.

17. Butterfly mysteries-imaginal cells • And then an amazing thing happens! • The little tiny lonely imaginal cells start to clump together, into friendly little groups. • They all resonate together at the same frequency, • passing information from one to another. Then, after awhile, • another amazing thing happens! • The clumps of imaginal cells start to cluster together!.., • A long string of clumping and clustering imaginal cell, • all resonating at the same frequency, • all passing information from one to another there inside the chrysalis."

18. Butterfly mysteries-imaginal cells • "A wave of Good News travels throughout the system-- Lurches and heaves...but not yet a butterfly.""Then at some point, the entire long string of imaginal cells suddenly realizes all together that it is Something Different from the caterpillar. • Something New! Something Wonderfull!....and • in that realization is • the shout of the birth of the butterfly!"Happy Birthday Butterfly!!!

19. Butterfly mysteries-imaginal cells • "Since the butterfly now "knows" that it is a butterfly, the little tiny imaginal cells no longer have to do all those things individual cells must do. Now they are part of a multi-celled organism-- A FAMILY who can share the work.""Each new butterfly cell can take on a different job.----There is something for everyone to do. And everyone is important. And each cell begins to do just that very thing it is most drawn to do. And every other cell encourages it to do just that.""A great way to organize a butterfly!"

21. Imaginal cells • Within the chrysalis a miracle occurs. • Tiny cells, that biologists actually call “imaginal cells,” begin to appear. • These cells are wholly different from caterpillar cells, carrying different information, vibrating to a different frequency–the frequency of the emerging butterfly. • At first, the caterpillar’s immune system perceives these new cells as enemies, and attacks them, • much as new ideas in science, medicine, politics, and social behavior are viciously denounced by the powers now considered mainstream. • But the imaginal cells are not deterred.

22. Imaginal cells • They continue to appear, • in even greater numbers, • recognizing each other, • bondingtogether, • until the new cells are numerous enough to organize into clumps. • When enough cells have formed to make structures along the new organizational lines,(legs, wings, antenna ) • the caterpillar’s immune system is overwhelmed. • The caterpillar body become dead body. (apotosis) • The caterpillar body then becomes a nutritious soup for the growth of the butterfly.

23. Imaginal cells • When the butterfly is ready to hatch, • the chrysalis becomes transparent.  • The need for restriction has been outgrown. • Yet the struggle toward freedom has an organic timing."  

24. Imaginal cells • And is connected to the breath. • the butterfly "pops" it's chrysalis by taking a deep full breath.  • As the butterfly emerges, it's upside down.  • It immediately turns right side up and • it proceeds to holds it's chrysalis with such reverence,  • I can "hear" it saying "thank you" to where it came from.  • {When we've been through troubles of trauma, it can be difficult to find the gratitude for where we came from.  • It may be empowering to pause in this reading and give thanks to your self and to all the sentient beings who supported you through the times of loss. }

26. This process of complete transformation is known as holometabolism. The amount of time required to transform completely varies from one species to another, but in general it takes about two weeks. For species that survive the winter by staying in the chrysalis, it can take months.

27. According to research at Georgetown University, the caterpillars and butterflies that emerge from the chrysalises may remember some of their lives as caterpillars [source: Blackiston]. When caterpillars in the study were conditioned to avoid specific smells, they remembered to keep away from those scents as adults -- but only if the conditioning happened in the last instars of the caterpillars' lives. If you want to learn more what happens once the chrysalis opens, read How Butterflies Work.

28. Aside from the damage hungry moths can cause to clothing, most people think of the butterflies and moths that emerge from the chrysalis as beautiful and beneficial. But not everyone feels the same way about caterpillars. Read on to learn what to do if hungry caterpillars are destroying the plants in your yard.

30. Caterpillars • Eat, eat, eat • The leaves which they are born onto. • Grow and expand • Store nutrition • Molting (shedding old outgrown skin ) • Attach itself to a twig

31. Pupa (chrysalis ) • Concealed placement • The imaginal cells - dormant • The old body’s immune system attack • Failed attempts • The old body dies • The source of energy • Imaginal cells activated

32. Imaginal cells resonate at a certain frequency • Encoded in the caperpillar’s DNA • Imaginal cells multiply • More and more production • Clump together • A string of cells • A group of strings

33. Resonate together at the same frequency • Passing information from one to another • Clumps of cells – cluster together • Resonate at the same frequency • Passing information from one to another

34. A wave of Good News travel throughout the systems • Something different • Something wonderful • Realization • The shout of the birth of the butterfly. • Eclose ( emerge)

35. It is hanging upside down • Turn the right side up • Hold its chrysalis with reverence • Saying “thank you “to the place where it came from • Pump the blood into veins of wings • Antenna up and running • Fly out from chrysalis

43. metamorphosis

45. Metamorphosis: A New Creation • Very hungry caterpillars becoming beautiful butterflies illustrate the change God has called us to. • Webster's dictionary defines metamorphosis as "a change of physical form, structure, or substance especially by supernatural means" or "a striking alteration in appearance, character or circumstances." • The online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, adds that it "involves significant change in form as well as growth" and it "usually accompanies a change of habitat or of habits." • Through metamorphosis, the caterpillar becomes a totally new creation.

46. Metamorphosis compares to the process of change that we undergo in becoming God's begotten children. • Paul tells us in 2 Corinthians 5:17, • "If anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new."

47. He actually uses a term from which we get the word metamorphosis in Romans 12:2 • : "And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God." • The word transformedis in the Greek metamorphoo, and it means • undergoing a profound transformation. • So we also must become completely changed into a new creation by developing the mind and character of God.

48. The butterfly has four stages of life: egg, larva, pupa and adult. • The larva is what we refer to as the caterpillar. Other names for caterpillars include inchworm, fruit worm, silkworm or even woolly bear. • Many caterpillars are not very beautiful. A caterpillar is a very small creature that we would probably overlook if we were walking through a forest. Many of us might try to squash it or flick it away if we did see one.

49. Eating Machines • Aptly called eating machines, the caterpillar's daily agenda is simple: • eat, eat, avoid being eaten and eat. • They have perhaps the fastest growth rate of any animal in the world. • A tobacco hornworm, for example, increases its own weight 10,000 times in less than 20 days. The monarch increases its mass by 30,000 times as a caterpillar. • Caterpillars do not have very good eyesight or senses. They rely on their antenna to help them locate food since they only have six tiny simple eyes on the lower portion of their head.

50. For us to change, we must eat a diet of God's truth. • Like the caterpillar, we also do not "see" well. • Because our nature is totally against God, • He must first draw us to Him (Romans 8:7-8[7]; John 6:44, 65). • God then convicts us of our sin and • grants us repentance (John 16:8; Acts 11:18). • Upon repentance, God then forgives us (1 John 1:9-10). • Finally, God gives us the desire to learn His ways and to • submit our will to Him (Philippians 2:13).