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Module 7 Chapter 6 Ethernet Technologies

Module 7 Chapter 6 Ethernet Technologies. 10-Mbps Ethernet. Legacy Ethernet 10BASE5, 10BASE2, and 10BASE-T Four common features of Legacy Ethernet Timing parameters Frame format Transmission process Basic design rule. 10-Mbps Ethernet. 10BASE5 . 10-Mbps Ethernet. 10BASE2 .

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Module 7 Chapter 6 Ethernet Technologies

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  1. Module 7Chapter 6 Ethernet Technologies

  2. 10-Mbps Ethernet • Legacy Ethernet • 10BASE5, 10BASE2, and 10BASE-T • Four common features of Legacy Ethernet • Timing parameters • Frame format • Transmission process • Basic design rule

  3. 10-Mbps Ethernet 10BASE5

  4. 10-Mbps Ethernet 10BASE2

  5. 10-Mbps Ethernet 10BASE-T

  6. Wiring and Architecture • 5-4-3 rule • No more than fivesegments • Separated by no more than four repeaters. • No more than three populated segments between any two distant stations • Hubs or repeaters merely extend the length of a network segment within a single collision domain • Bridges and switches divide a segment into separate collision domains

  7. Manchester Encoding • Manchester encoding is used in 10 Mbps systems • The direction of the edge transition in the middle of the timing window determines the binary value

  8. 100-Mbps Ethernet • 100-Mbps Ethernet is also known as Fast Ethernet • 100BASE-TX is copper UTP • 100BASE-FX is multimode optical fiber • Three common characteristics: • Timing parameters • Frame format • Parts of the transmission process

  9. 100-Mbps Ethernet • Timing parameters • One bit time in 100-Mbps Ethernet is 10nsec • Frame format • 100-Mbps frame format is the same as the 10-Mbps frame • Parts of the transmission process • Two separate encoding steps are used • The first part of the encoding uses a technique called 4B/5B • The second part of the encoding is the actual line encoding specific to copper or fiber

  10. 100-Mbps Ethernet • 100BASE-TX uses 4B/5B encoding which is then scrambled • Converted to multi-level transmit-3 levels or MLT-3. • Half-duplex = 100 Mbps • Full-duplex = 200 Mbps

  11. Fast Ethernet Architecture • Fast Ethernet links consist of a connection between a station and a hub or switch • Hubs are considered multi-port repeaters • Switches are considered multi-port bridges • These are subject to the 100 m UTP distance limitation

  12. Fast Ethernet Architecture • Class I repeater • Any repeater that changes between one Ethernet implementation and another • 140 bit-times of latency • Class II repeater • 92 bit-times latency • Cable between Class II repeaters may not exceed 5 meters

  13. Fast Ethernet Architecture • Signaling scheme is inherently full duplex • Half duplex are not uncommon • Half duplex is undesirable • Switches have made the 100m limitation less important • Workstations are located within 100m of the switch • 100 m distance starts over at the switch

  14. 1000-Mbps Ethernet • 1000-Mbps Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet Transmission • Fiber and copper media   • The 1000BASE-X IEEE 802.3z • Specifies 1 Gbps full duplex over optical fiber • 1000BASE-TX, 1000BASE-SX, and 1000BASE-LX • Timing parameters • 1 nanosecond or 1 billionth of a second bit time. • Frame Format • Same format used for 10 and 100-Mbps Ethernet • Transmission • Depending on the implementation

  15. 1000-Mbps Ethernet • 1000BASE-T (IEEE 802.3ab) was developed to provide additional bandwidth for: • Intra-building backbones • Inter-switch links • Server farms • Connections for high-end workstations • Supports both half-duplex and full-duplex • Fiber-based Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-X) • Uses 8B/10B encoding (similar to 4B/5B) • This is followed by Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) line encoding

  16. 1000Base-LX/SX • Common to all versions of 1000 Mbps • Timing • Frame format • Transmission • NRZ signals are pulsed into the fiber • Short-wavelength (1000BASE-SX ) • Long-wavelength (1000BASE-LX) • Media Access Control • Link as point-to-point • Separate fibers • Transmitting (Tx) • Receiving (Rx) • Inherently full duplex

  17. GigabitEthernet • Gigabit Ethernet is the dominant technology for: • Backbone installations, • High-speed cross-connects • General infrastructure

  18. 10 GigabitEthernet • IEEE 802.3ae, governs the 10GbE family • Provide increased bandwidth • Interoperable with existing infrastructure • Implementations being considered: • 10GBASE-SR • 10GBASE-LX4 • 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER • 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, and 10GBASE-EW

  19. 10 GigabitEthernet • 10GBASE-SR – • short distances, supports a range between 26 m to 82 m • 10GBASE-LX4– • Uses wide wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) • 240 m to 300 m over multimode fiber • 10 km over single-mode fiber • 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER – • Support 10 km and 40 km over single-mode fiber • 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, and 10GBASE-EW – • Known collectively as 10GBASE-W • Works with OC-192 synchronous transport module

  20. Future of Ethernet • The future of networking media is three-fold: • Copper (up to 1000 Mbps, perhaps more) • Wireless (approaching 100 Mbps, perhaps more) • Optical fiber (currently at 10,000 Mbps and soon to be more) • Copper and wireless media have certain physical and practical limitations • Limitations on optical fiber are: • Electronics technology • emitters and detectors • Fiber manufacturing processes • Developments in Ethernet • Heavily weighted towards Laser light sources • Single-mode optical fiber

  21. The End Break Time

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