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OLAM and Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques

OLAM and Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Introduction. Data explosion problem: Automated data collection tools and mature database technology lead to tremendous amounts of data stored in databases, data warehouses and other information repositories

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OLAM and Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques

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  1. OLAM and Data Mining:Concepts and Techniques

  2. Introduction • Data explosion problem: • Automated data collection tools and mature database technology lead to tremendous amounts of data stored in databases, data warehouses and other information repositories • We are drowning in data, but starving for knowledge! • Data warehousing and data mining: • On-line analytical processing – query-driven data analysis • The efficient discovery of interesting knowledge (rules, regularities, patterns, constraints) from data in large databases

  3. Evolution of Database Technology • 1960s: • Data collection, database creation, IMS and network DBMS • 1970s: • Relational data model, relational DBMS • 1980s: • RDBMS, advanced data models (extended-relational, OO, deductive, etc.) and application-oriented DBMS (spatial, scientific, engineering, etc.) • 1990s: • Data mining and data warehousing, multimedia databases, and Web technology

  4. What is data mining? • Data mining: the process of efficient discovery of previously unknown patterns, relationships, rules in large databases and data warehouses • Goal: help the human analyst to understand the data • SQL query: • How many bottles of wine did we sell in 1st Qtr of 1999 in Poland vs Austria?

  5. What is data mining? • Data mining query: • How do the buyers of wine in Poland and Austria differ? • What else do the buyers of wine in Austria buy along with wine? • How the buyers of wine can be characterized?

  6. What is data mining? • Data mining (knowledge discovery in databases): • Extraction of interesting ( non-trivial,implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful) information from data in large databases • Alternative names and their “inside stories”: • Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD: SIGKDD), knowledge extraction, data archeology, data dredging, information harvesting, business intelligence, etc. • Data mining: a misnomer? • What is not data mining? • Expert systems or small statistical programs • OLAP

  7. Data Mining: A KDD Process • Steps of a KDD Process: • Learning the application domain: • relevant prior knowledge and goals of application • Creating a target data set: data selection • Data cleaning and preprocessing: (may take 60% of effort!) • Data reduction and projection: • Find useful features, dimensionality/variable reduction, invariant representation. • Choosing functions of data mining • summarization, classification, regression, association, clustering. • Choosing the mining algorithm(s) • Data mining: search for patterns of interest • Interpretation: analysis of results. • visualization, transformation, removing redundant patterns, etc. • Use of discovered knowledge

  8. Data Mining and Business Intelligence Increasing potential to support business decisions End User Making Decisions Data Presentation Visualization Business Analyst Data Mining Information Discovery Data Analyst Data Exploration Statistical Analysis, Reporting Data Warehouses/Data Marts OLAP, MDA DBA Data Sources Paper, Files, Database systems, OLTP, WWW

  9. Mining query Mining result User GUI API OLAM Engine OLAP Engine Data Cube API MDDB Meta Data Database API Filtering&Integration Filtering Data cleaning Data Warehouse Databases Data integration An OLAM Architecture

  10. Data Mining: Confluence of Multiple Disciplines • Database systems, data warehouse and OLAP • Statistics • Machine learning • Visualization • Information science • High performance computing • Other disciplines: • Neural networks, mathematical modeling, information retrieval, pattern recognition, etc.

  11. Data Mining: On What Kind of Data? • Relational databases • Data warehouses • Transactional databases • Advanced DB systems and information repositories • Object-oriented and object-relational databases • Spatial databases • Time-series data and temporal data • Text databases and multimedia databases • Heterogeneous and legacy databases • WWW

  12. Data Mining Functionality Data mining methods may be classified onto 6 basic classes: • Associations • Finding rules like “if the customer buys mustard, sausage, and beer, then the probability that he/she buys chips is 50%” • Classifications • Classify data based on the values of the decision attribute, e.g. classify patients based on their “state” • Clustering • Group data to form new classes, cluster customers based on their behavior to find common patterns

  13. Data Mining Functionality • Sequential patterns • Finding rules like “if the customer buys TV, then, few days later, he/she buys camera, then the probability that he/she will buy within 1 month video is 50%” • Time-Series similarities • Finding similar sequences (or subsequences) in time-series (e.g. stock analysis) • Outlier detection • Finding anomalies/exceptions/deviations in data

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