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An introduction to academic writing & plagiarism. Dr Tony Lowe Learning Development Unit a.j.lowe@adm.leeds.ac.uk. www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/plagiarism. Structure. Structure. Welcome to University Knowledge creation Disseminating knowledge creation Good academic writing Note taking skills
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An introduction to academic writing & plagiarism Dr Tony Lowe Learning Development Unit a.j.lowe@adm.leeds.ac.uk www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/plagiarism
Structure Structure • Welcome to University • Knowledge creation • Disseminating knowledge creation • Good academic writing • Note taking skills • What is plagiarism? • Plagiarism detection – TurnitinUK • Summary
Welcome to University • Congratulations on coming to study at Leeds. • Your time here will be challenging, rewarding, enjoyable, stressful, exhausting etc… • Assessments will form a big part of this experience. • With assessments comes the prospect of plagiarism. • Understanding the ethos/culture of University & Higher Education will help
Knowledge Creation • A key activity at University is the creation of new knowledge. • Need to understand boundaries of existing knowledge • Then conduct research to advance these boundaries • Finally communicate the new knowledge: • Teaching • Journal and conference papers
Good Academic writing • Evaluate the existing knowledge in this area. • Describe how the new knowledge was discovered (experiment, synthesis, survey etc.) • Discuss the implications of the new knowledge on future research etc. • Written is a manner that allows a reader to check the review of existing knowledge and repeat the activity to confirm/contest the new knowledge.
Academic writing II Characteristics of academic writing: • Structured • Clear • Appropriate language and style • References are used where previous knowledge is used
References • References are used to provide evidence to support positions, opinions, approaches taken etc. and to put current work in context. • Jones (1990) describes how the high soft tissue contrast displayed by ultrasound makes it ideal for examining organs such as the heart. • Without references the reasoning lacks credibility: • Ultrasound is ideal for examining soft tissues.
Referencing There are 3 components to a reference: • In text reference (e.g. Jones 1994) • The paraphrased/quoted version of the original • Full reference details
Paraphrase Berners-Lee et al (2001) argue that incorporating artificial intelligence techniques into the mechanisms of the Internet will result in new systems with potential to make a large impact on society. References Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J. & Lassila, O., 2001, "The semantic web", [online] , [accessed Aug. 26th 2005], available from world wide web http://www.scientificamerican.com/sematic_web.htm
Quote According to Berners-Lee et al (2001)"the Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation". References Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J. & Lassila, O., 2001, "The semantic web", Scientific American, May pp36.
Note taking skills • Knowing that you are going to reference your sources requires you to document your research/reading in a rigorous way. • E.g. always write out the full reference detail with any notes. Where you copy phrases, sentences indicate this with quotation marks so you know when you include it in your assignment. • There is training and IT tools available to help.
Plagiarism – what is it? “Plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else’s work as your own. Work means any intellectual output, and typically includes text, data, images, sound or performance.”(Office of Academic Appeals & Regulation 2005) Office of Academic Appeals & Regulation, 2005, Section 2.1 of the published procedures on “ Cheating, plagiarism and fraudulent or fabricated coursework ” (available online at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/AAandR/cpff.htm - accessed 6th Aug 2005)
Plagiarism is serious • All cases are reported and go on your student record. • Penalties vary from written warnings, re-sitting modules to expulsion from the University. • Why? – plagiarism undermines the University’s reputation and the quality of its degrees and research, plus plagiarists miss out on learning!
Plagiarism detection • Subject experts knowledge of the discipline and its literature. • Changes in writing style, inappropriate writing style. • Electronically using Turnitin.
Summary • Learn about how to produce good academic writing. • Note taking • Referencing • Structure and style • You will learn more & get higher marks! • If in doubt ask! www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/plagiarism