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Dr. A. N. M. Waheeduzzaman Professor of Marketing and International Business

From bottomless basket to a middle-income economy-What Bangladesh could do to enhance her international competitiveness. Dr. A. N. M. Waheeduzzaman Professor of Marketing and International Business Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi USA

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Dr. A. N. M. Waheeduzzaman Professor of Marketing and International Business

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  1. From bottomless basket to a middle-income economy-What Bangladesh could do to enhance her international competitiveness Dr. A. N. M. Waheeduzzaman Professor of Marketing and International Business Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi USA Sponsored by: Institute of Management Consultants-Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh January 7, 2013 BRAC Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  2. Consider the following news from The Daily Star on October 16, 2012 Global Competitiveness Index Bangladesh slips 10 slots down [Ranked 118 out of 144 in 2012, was 108 in 2011]

  3. Presentation Outline Introduction Understanding competitiveness Porter’s Diamond Global Competitiveness Index of World Economic Forum Competitiveness Studies A Model of International Competitiveness Evaluation of Bangladesh based on the model How can Bangladesh enhance her competitiveness Conclusion

  4. Classic definition of Competitiveness Regan Administration’s President's Commission on Industrial Competitiveness (1985): "Competitiveness is the degree to which a nation can, under free and fair market conditions, produce goods and services that meet the test of international markets while simultaneously maintaining or expanding the real incomes of its citizens."

  5. Porter’s Diamond and Competitiveness Determinants of Competitive Advantage Chance and Government also affect the model

  6. Global Competitiveness Index Source: World Economic Forum

  7. Competitiveness Studies Source: Waheeduzzaman, A. N. M., “Competitiveness and convergence in G7 and emerging markets” Competitiveness Review, Volume 21 (2), 110-128.

  8. Integrating the concept of competitiveness Competitiveness is a multidimensional concept, perspectives vary. This presentation is an attempt in integrating the concept. Definition adopted in this presentation: “Competitiveness is the unique ability of a nation, determined by its geopolitical status, competitive infrastructure, global connectivity, people power and leadership and governance to compete in the world. The ultimate goal of competitiveness is the wellbeing of the people and it should be sustainable.”

  9. A Model for International Competitiveness of Nations

  10. Geopolitical status • Geographic size and position of a nation • Topography and climate • Physical resources • Global governance • International relations of a nation

  11. Competitive infrastructure • Roads, railways, waterways and airways • Telecommunication and IT support • Industry structure and business climate • Competition and market efficiency • Related and supporting industries

  12. Global connectivity • International trade in goods and services • International investment • International travel and tourism • Internet and global commerce

  13. People power • Demand conditions • Labor force, national and international • Age structure and dependency • Life expectancy and health • Education and literacy

  14. Leadership and governance • Vision and national leadership • Political stability and absence of violence • Government effectiveness • Regulatory quality • Rule of law • Control of corruption

  15. Global Governance at a Glance • Politics/Peace- United Nations • Trade- World Trade Organization (WTO) • Money/Finance- International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Development- World Bank • Overall- G8 Nations (USA, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia) • Other international bodies: e.g., World Economic Forum, International Labor Organization, Social Organizations, NGOs

  16. A change in global governance?UN Security Council expansion tour, 2006 India, Japan, Brazil and Germany

  17. Bangladesh-Geopolitical status Given by our geographic size and position, topography and climate, physical resources, global governance, and international relations • A small populous country surrounded by India, Ganges delta, warm tropical climate, predominantly agricultural • May not significantly affect global governance, gaining importance as the country is developing • Established as a peace-loving nation….thanks to our armed forces contributing to global peace via United Nations….been a colony, never colonized

  18. Bangladesh-Competitive infrastructure Involves our roads, railways, waterways and airways, telecommunication and IT support, industry structure and business climate, competition and market efficiency, and related and supporting industries • Needless to say, infrastructure needs serious attention….it takes two hours to go to Motijheel from Uttara, you can reach Bangkok about the same time from Dhaka • Market efficiency needs to be ensured jointly by the business/private sector and the government • Supporting industries will grow as business develops

  19. Bangladesh-Global connectivity Involves our international trade in goods and services, international investment, international travel and tourism and internet and global commerce • Opening up helps, make ourselves attractive to others…. concerted effort to (re)brand “Bangladesh” • Garments industry is doing good, but we need to diversity, focus on value-added and agro-based industries • Our vast potential for tourism and ecotourism should be considered • Digital Bangladesh is the way to go, needs large-scale investment

  20. Bangladesh-People power Given by demand conditions, labor force, age structure and dependency, life expectancy and health and education and literacy • Guided properly, people power can decisively change our competitive position • Investment in health and literacy has short and long term favorable consequences • We MUST pay attention to our non-resident workers, target higher skill labor force • Attend to basic literacy, higher education, and skill development

  21. Bangladesh-Leadership and governance Given by national leadership, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption • Leadership with a vision….do we have one? Depends who you ask....ruling party or the opposition, will you get the same answer? • We are behind on most indicators of governance….how can we ensure better governance? • Governance is a collective responsibility

  22. Enhancing Competitiveness: Policy Implications Summary

  23. Conclusion There is an African proverb, “it takes a village to raise a child.” …..perhaps, this applies to competitiveness, it takes the whole nation to be competitive….collective effort is a must Faith can move mountains….belief that we can change our destiny is essential….. let us keep working on the five factors. Competitiveness is also a long term issue….needs hard work, cooperation, perseverance and patience Keep faith in the democratic process and its outcomes, let the collective spirit of the nation (re)emerge through openness and freedom….it does not hurt to be an eternal optimist!

  24. If they can do it in the sky….we can do it on the ground International Skydivers in Thailand

  25. Thank you for your time Hope to see you again someday somewhere in this globalized world Questions/Comments?

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