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Inquiry of implementation and experiences with EN 14181 in Belgium

Inquiry of implementation and experiences with EN 14181 in Belgium. Raf De Fré, Ive Vanderreydt - VITO, Mol François Idczak - ISSeP, Liège. Objectives. Obtain overview of implementation in concerned sectors Stimulate awareness of EN 14181 among potential users

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Inquiry of implementation and experiences with EN 14181 in Belgium

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  1. Inquiry of implementation and experiences with EN 14181 in Belgium Raf De Fré, Ive Vanderreydt - VITO, Mol François Idczak - ISSeP, Liège CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  2. Objectives • Obtain overview of implementation in concerned sectors • Stimulate awareness of EN 14181 among potential users • Prepare further implementation by different actors • Collect remarks & integrate in Belgian implementation CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  3. Organization of Inquiry • Addresses obtained from authorities • Contact by phone responsible person • Inquiry forms sent by (e-)mail • Short introduction to EN 14181 in annex • Reminder by phone and mail • Collect and close after 1 month CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  4. Respondents • those who did respond: CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  5. Those who did not respond • Sectors • Municipal waste incinerators (2) • Refineries (2), Chemical industry (5) • Metallurgy (4), Sugar (3), Paper (2) • Food (2) • Some plants have no CEMs • not under directives (e.g. sugar < 100 d/y), non-compliant or in discussion • Plants not under WI or LCP directives • some will not use EN 14181 for CEMs CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  6. Belgian Environmental law • Regions have authority over environment • Flanders, Brussels, Wallonia • EN 14181 not explicitly mentioned in regulations • Legislation different in each region but EU Directives must be implemented • CEMs: Flanders has legal obligation for approval of CEMs by expert • "Code of Good Practice" since 1997 CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  7. Which standards CEM operators know (%) • others mentioned: EN13284-2, Code of good practice (Fl) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  8. How well - wherefrom do you know EN 14181 ? • % of 52 positive respondents CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  9. Need for a technical guidance for EN 14181 ? • % of 78 positive answers CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  10. How many CEMS has your plant ? • (3 answers for multiple sites = up to 7 plants more) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  11. Was there any QA/QC on CEMS in 2005 ? (3 answers for multiple sites = up to 7 plants more) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  12. Which QAL1 tests were done on CEMS ? • other = supplier (7), ISO 9000 (2), own QA system (1) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  13. Frequency of calibration (QAL2) on CEMS ? • other frequencies: 6 months (2), not specified, …”depends” (2) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  14. Frequency of surveillance test (AST) on CEMS ? • other = 6 m,2 y, with QAL1 (2), not specified (2) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  15. Frequency of QAL3 on CEMS ? • Cusum charts: 0 • Shewart charts: 0 • Other control charts: 3 • Zero & span checks: • other = • 3 h (1), 12 h (2) • automatic (8) • 6 months (1) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  16. Who did perform quality control on CEMs ? • 50 positive answers • no other parties (3 answers for multiple sites = up to 7 plants more) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  17. What do you expect from EN 14181 ? CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  18. General remarks on standard • Increasing effort for measurement is disproportionate to lower emission levels and reduced environmental impact of waste incineration sector • Standard made by emission monitoring labs • Frequent interventions on CEMs reduce availability • Double CEMs installed to meet WID 97% availability requirement • Alternatives for CEMs preferred where allowed - e.g. monthly measurements, EN 14181 makes CEMs less attractive CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  19. Remarks concerning legal aspects • Our plant is not in scope of WI or LCP Directives and will therefore not apply EN 14181 • Process industries with legal obligation of CEM • Existing quality system for CEMs is adequate / equivalent to EN 14181 • (ISO 9000 & other TS) • EN 14181 is not specified in national legislation • Measurement frequencies are imposed by law, not by standards or codes of good practice • (therefore no AST by external lab) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  20. Remarks concerning QAL 1 • No QAL 1 obtainable for older instruments • transition period needed to complete economic life • who does calculate AMS uncertainty ? • Choice of range of instruments ? • continuous low levels, but range must be 3 x ELV • special case CO : still higher range to measure highest peaks ? CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  21. Remarks on QAL 2 Calibration • No added value in parallel measurements over 3 days in case of extremely low or constant levels  reduce to 1 day, specially manual methods : dust, HCl, HF, H2O, TOC • Quality of reference measurements by external labs ? • corrections proposed sometimes questionable • measurement uncertainty of labs not taken into consideration CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  22. Remarks on QAL 3 and AST • Intervention from external labs is required for AST - should not be imposed • Concept of control charts not known by operators - equivalent systems should be allowed • Instruments with internal verification of zero and span need no calibration gases CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  23. Some other remarks • Standard EN 14181 too complex for people in the field • Rigorous application of standard is relatively expensive • Interpretation of results from standard application is always difficult • No understanding of statistic principles • meaning of Chi square based test for decision pass/fail ? • operators not familiar with Cusum or Shewart control charts CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  24. Remarks from Inquiry – small plants • Small operators need cost effective solutions in relation to size of plant • EN 14181 "light" version ? • Economic viability of small plants at risk by EN 14181 monitoring cost • Bio-mass and wood combustion not economic if classified under WID • A chemical plant considers closing chlorinated waste incinerator if excessive CEM cost • Small chemical incinerator will try to obtain CEM derogations CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  25. Conclusions • Knowledge of EN 14181 is very limited - for many this was the first contact with standard - thorough knowledge of standard by very few • Inquiry showed need of increased involvement by industry (scepticism) • Power generation and Municipal waste incineration sectors best prepared for implementation of standard • Small plants more sensitive to cost increase • Refineries and petrochemical sector are slower in adaptation to standard CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  26. Implementation in Belgium • Smaller countries/regions have limited means • rely on models & experience from larger countries (UK, D, NL, TGN…) • Flanders: transition from existing Code (2001) • 2006 : Working group 5 parties, prepare transit • 2007 : Implementation of EN 14181 in Code • need to continue on 2 tracks (WI-LCP & others ?) • Wallonia – Brussels : (cold start EN 14181 in ….??). CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  27. Field Tests • 2 examples of field tests: • LCP • 6 days parallel measurements • NOx, CO, SO2 : ½ hour measurements • dust : 1 measurement per day (stack diameter = 3m) • Sulfuric acid plant • 25 parallel ½ hour measurements • SO2 CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  28. LCP CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  29. LCP CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  30. LCP CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  31. LCP CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  32. LCP CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  33. Sulfuric acid plant with extractive SO2 analyser (approval according to Flemish code ) CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  34. Sulfuric acid plant with extractive analyser • Approval according to Flemish Code : calibration function + 4% = “pass” • EN 14181 calibration : reduced selection of data results in same conclusions : • More measurements give limited extension of validated range, but not to ELV (1700) • Little added value in continued measurements over 3 days • Adequate QAL3 : gas cell - daily, cal. gases (3) - weekly, fixed limits control chart…. CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

  35. Field Tests Conclusions • Difficulties to obtain experimental values covering a large range of concentration even with many samples (impossible to oblige the plant to pollute more … or less) • Limitation of EN 14181 to the control of the analysis chain (treatment of data) • Existing quality control system for CEMs before EN 14181 standard can be adequate CEN workshop EN 14181, 22-23 May 2006, Paris

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