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Using the JPEG2000 image format for storage and access in biodiversity collections.

Explore the benefits, parts, and usage of JPEG2000 format in biodiversity collections, storage, and access. Learn about region extraction, self-containedness, serving options, and barriers for adoption.

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Using the JPEG2000 image format for storage and access in biodiversity collections.

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  1. Using the JPEG2000 image format for storage and access in biodiversity collections. Chris Freeland Missouri Botanical Garden

  2. But first, an oversight…

  3. Overview of JPEG2000 • Wavelet-based compression • Different than JPEG • Decompress without extracting entire file • Proposed in 2000 to supercede JPEG • Hasn’t • Slow adoption in museums & libraries • Poor (no) native browser support • Few open source options • Faster adoption in medical imaging, other commercial applications

  4. Parts of the format • Part 1, Core coding system (JP2) • defines format; adopted as standard first. • Part 2, Extensions • Part 3, Motion JPEG 2000 • Part 4, Conformance • Part 5, Reference software • Part 6, Compound image file format (JPM) • Part 7 has been abandoned • Part 8, Security (JPSEC) • Part 9, Protocols and API (JPIP) • Part 10, JP3D (volumetric imaging) • Part 11, JPWL (wireless applications) • Part 12, ISO Base Media File Format (common w/ MPEG-4)

  5. Advantages of JPEG2000 • Region extraction • Compression • Both lossless & lossy • Self-containedness • XML metadata + image • Multiple objects can be bundled together • Progressive Transmission • Lower quality at early load http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september08/chute/09chute.html

  6. Region Extraction “Give me x,y coordinates at z resolution.” 72ppi: 20KB JPG 600ppi, 200MB TIF; encode to 100MB JP2

  7. “How many books in a ___?” 2 Biblioburros; 4,800 books* Luis Soriano, with Alpha and Beto • 1 Biblioburro = 2,400 books • BHL to date = 9 Biblioburros! *http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/20/world/americas/20burro.html

  8. Storage requirement for a digital Biblioburro • 2,400 books / Biblioburro • (9,238,295 pages / 22,118 books in BHL) = 418 pages / book • 1,002,437 pages / Biblioburro • Avg size of each image file • RAW/TIF: 24MB;JP2: 2MB • Drive space needed / Biblioburro • TIF:24TB; JP2:2TB = = 2 TB JP2 24 TB TIFs 2,400 books

  9. Self-containedness / metadata bundling • Not just an image, but an image, its content & its context • Adobe XMP • Dublin Core • Your own XML • TIF Headers & JPEG limit fields • Can describe more than just an image • A whole web site

  10. Barriers for adoption • Lack of affordable, scalable serving options • Until recently, no open source server • Commercial options expensive • No native browser support • Safari does, but via QuickTime • But why?? • PNG? • No motivation? • Community skepticism

  11. Encoding Software • Commercial • Adobe Photoshop • LuraTech SDK • LizardTech • Non-Commercial • Kakadu • ImageMagik • IrfanView

  12. Commercial LizardTech Aware LuraTech ICS FSIV Non-Commercial Kakadu GSIV djatoka Decoding & Serving

  13. Part 6: JPIP • Protocol and API for transmitting JP2 • Designed for HTTP, but not restricted to that carrier • Don’t need a browser • Implementations are available, use is infrequent • HiRISE camera onMars ReconnaissanceOrbiter

  14. Current use of JP2 in BHL • Serve 85% (lossy) .jp2 • LizardTech decoder • Tiled on the fly • Cached for performance • GSIV browser-based client viewer

  15. A user requests Mushrooms of America, edible and poisonous, Plate X: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1274907 Browser GSIV.js .jpg /page/1274907 www.biodiversitylibrary.org images.mobot.org LizardTech ExpressServer BHLdb Internet Archive .jp2 pageid: 1274907 locate: http://www.archive.org/download/mushroomsofameri00palm/.../mushroomsofameri00palm_0010.jp2

  16. The Future: djatoka • Developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Research Library • Use of the ISO-standardized JPEG 2000 format [6] as the service format; • Java-based open source solution built around the Kakudu JPEG 2000 library; • Geared towards reuse through URI-addressability of all image disseminations including regions, rotations, and format transformations; • Provision of a consistent, guessable URI pattern for image disseminations based on the ANSI/NISO OpenURL standard [7]; • Provision of an extensible service framework for image disseminations enabled by OCLC's Java OpenURL package; • Availability of image disseminations in a range of image formats; • Availability of image disseminations for locally stored JPEG 2000 files, as well as for Web-accessible images in a variety of formats; • Configurable server-side, file-based caching; • Ajax-based client reference implementation, based on IIPImage JavaScript Viewer, which allows panning, zooming, and selecting the URI of the current view. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september08/chute/09chute.html

  17. References • djatoka • http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july08/buonora/07buonora.html • HUL: Page Image Compression for Mass Digitization • http://preserve.harvard.edu/massdig/hul_study/ • JP2 in Libraries and Archives • http://j2karclib.info/taxonomy/term/2 • JPEG 2000 - a Practical Digital Preservation Standard? • http://www.dpconline.org/docs/reports/dpctw08-01.pdf • JPEG2000 site • http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg2000/

  18. Contact Chris Freeland Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110 chris.freeland@mobot.org http://www.chrisfreeland.com

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