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1300 - 1453

1300 - 1453. Worst century and a half in European History. 1330 – Plague devastates parts of western China 1331-40 – Plague gradually spreads through central Asia and into Crimea 1344-47 – Mongols fight at Kaffa Army stricken with Plague

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1300 - 1453

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  1. 1300 - 1453 Worst century and a half in European History

  2. 1330 – Plague devastates parts of western China • 1331-40 – Plague gradually spreads through central Asia and into Crimea • 1344-47 – Mongols fight at Kaffa • Army stricken with Plague • 1347 – Genoan traders fled Kaffa to return to Italy • Carried Plague to Sicily and up the coast of Italy • 1347-78 – Plague outbreaks devastated Europe • 25 million deaths in Europe (one-third total population) Black Death

  3. Black Death

  4. 1337-1453 – France versus England • Started by Edward III (Eng) and Philip VI (Fr) • Both had claims to French throne (but Ed is vassal of Phil) • 1337-1428 – England won most of the battles • Used longbow and dismounted warriors (new tactics) • Battles – Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt • 1428-29 – France turned tide in Battle of Orleans • Joan of Arc led the French army • Resulted in about 3.5 million deaths Hundred Years War

  5. Hundred Years War

  6. 1309-1378 – Papacy in Avignon • Controlled by French king • Rome became wasteland • 1378-1417 – Popes in Rome and Avignon • 1377 – Gregory XI returned to Rome but died in 1378 • French cardinals unhappy with replacement and elect another • 1410 – Council of Pisa elects a third pope • 1417 – Council of Constance finally replaces 3 popes • Martin V is new pope in Rome • Schism taints the image of the Church and the papacy Papal Schism

  7. Papal Schism

  8. 1200s - Nomads chased out of central Asia by the Mongols • Establish small kingdom in northwestern Anatolia • 1307 – Seljuk Sultanate of Rum defeated by the Mongols • Ottomans begin to conquer the remaining small Turkish clans until they dominate Anatolia • Filled power vacuum left by Seljuks and weakened Byzantines • By 1450, Ottomans control most of Anatolia and eastern Balkans • Mehmet II decided to attack Constantinople • Constantinople fell in 1453 • Post-1453 – Ottomans threatened western Europe Fall of Constantinople

  9. Fall of Constantinople

  10. Black Death • Hundred Years War • Papal Schism • Fall of Constantinople • These catastrophic events shook the foundations of European civilization • Europeans began to question everything • Additionally, new ideas “escaped” Constantinople with Byzantine scholars What is going on???

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