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An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations

An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations. Chapter 1. Principles and Learning Objectives. The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.

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An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations

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  1. An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  2. Principles and Learning Objectives • The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals. • Distinguish data from information and describe the characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  3. Principles and Learning Objectives • Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life. • Identify the basic types of business information systems and discuss who uses them, how they are used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  4. Principles and Learning Objectives • System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system. • Identify the major steps of the systems development process and state the goal of each. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  5. Principles and Learning Objectives • The use of information systems to add value to the organization can also give an organization a competitive advantage. • Identify the value-added processes in the supply chain and describe the role of information systems within them. • Identify some of the strategies employed to lower costs or improve service. • Define the term competitive advantage and discuss how organizations are using information systems to gain such an advantage. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  6. Principles and Learning Objectives • Information systems personnel are the key to unlocking the potential of any new or modified system. • Define the types of roles, functions, and careers available in information systems. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  7. Information Concepts Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  8. Information System • A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate & disseminate data & information & provide feedback to meet an objective. • Examples: ATMs; airline reservation systems; course reservation systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  9. Data vs. Information • Data: raw facts • Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  10. The Process of Transforming Data into Information Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  11. Characteristics of Valuable Information Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  12. The Components of an Information System Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  13. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  14. Components of a CBIS Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  15. Components of a CBIS • Hardware - computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. • Software - computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. • Database - an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files. • People - the most important element in most computer-based information systems. • Procedures - include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  16. Telecommunications, Network, and the Internet • Telecommunications - the electronic transmission of signals for communications. • Networks - used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications. • Internet - the world’s largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  17. Business Information Systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  18. Business Information Systems • Electronic Commerce • Transaction Processing Systems and ERP • Information and Decision Support Systems • Special-Purpose Business Information Systems: Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  19. E-Commerce • Business-to-business • Business-to-consumer • Consumer-to-consumer Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  20. E-Commerce Greatly Simplifies the Purchasing Process Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  21. Transaction Processing Systems and ERP • Transaction processing system (TPS) - an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions. • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System - a set of integrated programs capable of managing a company’s vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  22. A Payroll Transaction Processing System Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  23. Functional Management Information Systems Draw Data from the Organization’s TPS Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  24. Decision Support Systems (DSS) An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. • The focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  25. Essential DSS Elements Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  26. Special-Purpose Business Information Systems • Artificial intelligence (AI) systems • Virtual reality systems • Expert systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  27. The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  28. A Head-Mounted Display Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  29. Data Glove Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  30. Systems Development The activity of creating or modifying existing business systems. • Systems Investigation • Systems Analysis • Systems Design • Systems Implementation • Systems Maintenance and Review Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  31. Organizations and Information Systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  32. A General Model of an Organization Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  33. The Value Chain of a Manufacturing Company Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  34. Technology Diffusion, Infusion, and Acceptance • Technology Diffusion - a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout an organization. • Technology Infusion - is the extent to which technology permeates an area or department. • Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) - specifies the factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology in an organization Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  35. Competitive Advantage A significant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over its competition. • Factors That Lead Firms to Seek Competitive Advantage • Rivalry among Existing Competitors • Threat of New Entrants • Threat of Substitute Products and Services • Bargaining Power of Customers and Suppliers Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  36. Strategic Planning for Competitive Advantage • Altering the Industry Structure • Creating New Products and Services • Improving Existing Product Lines and Services • Using Information Systems for Strategic Purposes Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  37. Competitive Advantage Factors and Strategies Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  38. Performance-Based Information Systems • Productivity • Quality • Return on Investment and the Value of Information Systems • Earnings Growth • Market Share • Customer Awareness and Satisfaction • Total Cost of Ownership Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  39. Three Stages in the Business Use of IS Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  40. The 10 Best Places to Work for IS Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  41. Roles, Functions, and Careers in the Information Systems Department • Operations • Systems Development • Support Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  42. The Three Primary Responsibilities of Information Systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  43. Typical IS Titles and Functions • The Chief Information Officer • LAN Administrators • Internet Careers Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  44. Why Learn About Information Systems? • Advance in your career • Solve problems • Realize opportunities • Meet your career goals Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

  45. Summary • Data - raw facts • Information - data transformed into a meaningful form • Systems development - creating or modifying existing business systems • Organization - a formal collection of people and various other resources established to accomplish a set of goals Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition

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