Family Album Element Entries

1. Family Album Element Entries By: Ilyse Yanover, Jordan Yeck, Robert Trombley, and AJ Sipe!

2. Alkali Metals: • Address: Group 1 • Family members: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium. • Physical Characteristics: Shiny, malleable, • Chemical Characteristics: Highly Reactive, give up one electron.

3. Lithium Physical Description Symbol: Li Neutrons: 4 Atomic Mass: 6.941 Melting Point: 181o C Density: 0.535g/cm3 Protons: 3 Electrons: 3 Atomic Number: 3 Boiling Point: 1342˚C Looks: silvery white metal Background Information Parent: Johan August Arfvedson Birthplace: Sweden, 1817 Gender: Alkali Earth Metals Attributes Positive: Out of any solid element, Lithium has the highest specific heat Negative: Lithium is not used for structural applications Compounds LiCl – Lithium Chloride LiF – Lithium Fluoride LiH – Lithium Hydride Chemical Description Valence Electrons: 1 Ion: Li+1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity:

4. Lithium Sources • http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=3503 • http://www.bipolar-lives.com/who-discovered-lithium.html • http://www.webelements.com/lithium/compounds.html

5. Sodium Parents: Sir Humphrey Davy Birth Place: England Birth Date: 1807 Gender: Alkali Metal Protons: 11 Electrons: 11 Neutrons: 12 Symbol: Na Atomic Mass: 22.99 amu Atomic Number: 11 Melting Point: 97.72 °C Boiling Point: 883 °C Density: 0.971 g/cm3

6. Sodium Compounds: 1.) Sodium Chloride – makes common table salt 2.) Soda Ash – is made up of sodium, carbon, and oxygen. 3.) Baking Soda – is made up of hydrogen, sodium, carbon, and oxygen. • Positive Attributes: Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds. The metal may also be used to improve the structure of certain alloys. • Negative Attributes: Sodium is potentially explosive in water (depending on quantity) and is a caustic poison, since it is rapidly converted to Sodium Hydroxide on contact with moisture. Chemical Description: Valence Electrons: One Ion: Na+1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Very Reactive

7. Sodium Sources • http://www.webelements.com/sodium/ • http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/na.html • http://www.webelements.com/sodium/ • http://www.healthydiningfinder.com/img/n101-sodium.jpg

8. Potassium Background Information: Parent: Sir Humphrey Davy Birth Place: England Birth Date: 1807 Gender: Alkali Metal Description: Symbol: K Protons: 19 Neutrons: 20 Electrons: 19 Atomic Mass: 39.0983 Atomic Number: 19 Melting Point: 63oC Boiling Point: 770oC Density: 0.862g/cm3 Looks: Soft and Silvery

9. Potassium Chemical Description: Valence Electrons: One Ion: K+1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Very Reactive Attributes: Positive: Helps balance fluids in cells, plants need it to grow, and has nutrients for both plants and humans Negative: Can be used to make explosives Compounds: 1. potassium bromide (Potassium and Bromine- camera film) 2. potassium hydroxide (Potassium, Oxygen, and Hydrogen- paint remover) 3. potassium nitrate(Potassium, Nitrogen, and 3 parts Oxygen- Explosives)

10. Potassium Sources • http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/L-P/Potassium.html • http://www.hse.k12.in.us/staff/tpetersen/Periodic%20Table%20Website%20Project/elements/2/potassium/potassium.htm • http://www.easycalculation.com/chemistry/elements/potassium.html

11. Rubidium Rubidium was born in 1861 by Bunsen and Kirchoff in the mineral lepidolite by use of the spectroscope. Gender: Metal Physical: 37 Protons, 37 Electrons, 48 Neutrons. Density: 1.532 g/cm3 Boiling point: 688 C Melting point: 39.3 C Specific Heat: . 363J g-1 K-1 Heat of vaporization: 72.216 kJ mol-1 Chemical Description: 1 Valence electron, ion +1, oxidation number: 1, Very reactive. Compounds: Halides, oxides, sulfides. Positive Attributes: carries small amounts of nutrients to the bodies organs. Negative Attributes: Women who are nursing or pregnant should, as a precaution, refrain from taking rubidium supplements unless having first talked with their physician.

12. Rubidium Sources • http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/37.html • http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/Pages/data/rubidium_data.html

13. Cesium Parents: Gustav KirchhoffBirth Place: DurkheimBirth Date: 1860Gender: Alkali Metal Protons: 55 Electrons: 55 Neutrons: 78 Symbol: Cs Atomic Mass: 132.91 amu Atomic Number: 55 Melting Point: 28.5 °C Boiling Point: 678.4 °C Density: 1.873 g/cm3

14. Cesium Chemical Description: Valence Electrons: One Ion: Cs+1 Oxidation Number: +1 Reactivity: Very Reactive • Positive Attributes: Can be used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds.Also removes air traces in vacuum tubes. • Negative Attributes: Liquid at room temperature. Compounds: 1.) Cesium Graphite – where the metal atoms position themselves between the planes of carbon atoms in the graphite crystal structure. 2.) Cesium Nitrate – is used as oxidizer to burn Silicon in infrared flares like the LUU-19 flare. 3.) Cesium Fluoride – is widely used in organic chemistry as a base.

15. Cesium Sources • http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/55.html • http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cs.html • http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~nelson/cesium/cesium_compounds.html

16. Francium Francium was born in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie institute, Paris. Gender: Metal Physical Description: 87 Protons, 87 Elections, 136 Neutrons Boiling point: 677 C, Melting point: 27 C Chemical Description: 1 Valence electron, +1 ion, 1 oxidation number, Very reactive. Because Francium is so rare its chemical and physical properties are not known.

17. Francium Sources • http://www.facts-about.org.uk/science-element-francium.htm • http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/87.html