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IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: The Role of Polar Regions in Earth’s Changing Climate System

LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP. IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: The Role of Polar Regions in Earth’s Changing Climate System. Thursday, December 13, 2007. Tools and Techniques to Examine Earth’s Changing Climate System – How do they do that?. Kathy Gorski Einstein Fellow

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IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: The Role of Polar Regions in Earth’s Changing Climate System

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  1. LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: The Role of Polar Regions in Earth’s Changing Climate System Thursday, December 13, 2007

  2. Tools and Techniques to Examine Earth’s Changing Climate System – How do they do that? Kathy Gorski Einstein Fellow NSF/Office of Polar Programs

  3. Did you know that today people around the world are celebrating the “International Polar Day”?

  4. IPY 1 - 1881 to 1884 • First coordinated international effort • Focus on meteorology and geophysics • Other events in history • Jesse James is killed • Twain publishes Huckleberry Finn • Picasso is born • American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton

  5. IPY 2 - 1932 to 1933 • Attention paid to good scientific process • Scientifically, still focused on meterology • Deliberate choice for one calendar year for IPY • Events in history • Great Depression • Lindbergh’s son kidnapped • FBI Crime Lab and Radio City Music Hall open • FDR’s first “Fireside Chats” • Construction begins for Golden Gatge Bridge

  6. IPY 3 - 1957 to 1958 • Melds with and morphis into IGY • Interest in ice depths develops • Events in history • Sputnik launches • “Leave it to Beaver” premieres • Pink Flamingoes are manufactured • “The Music Man” opens on Broadway • TANG breakfast crystals first introduced • The Jim Henson company is founded

  7. IPY 4 - 2007 to 2008 • From March 2007 through March 2009 • Provides two research seasons at each pole • Projects >200 • People >50,000 • Countries >60

  8. IPY Goals • Assess environmental status and change in polar regions • Understand past change and predict future change • Link between polar and global processes • Look for new frontiers in science exploration in polar regions • Use unique vantage point to observe Earth and space from poles • Examine human dimensions and sustainability of circumpolar societies

  9. Web Seminar Presentation Agenda • IPY Overview – history and goals • International Polar Day • Ice • types • what we learn from it • how we learn from it • Other climate analysis tools • Opportunities and resources

  10. December 13, 2007Ice Sheet Day • Why do we care about ice? • integral to life and culture of Northern communities • support ecosystems and biological diversity in polar regions • regulate global climate patterns

  11. Types of Ice • Ice is just frozen water, right? • Which of the following is NOT a type of ice? • Frazil Ice • Anchor Ice • Pancake Ice • Yarn Ice • Grease Ice

  12. Types of Ice • Ice is just frozen water, right? • how many types of ice can you name? • Some examples: • anchor ice, congelation ice, frazil ice, glaciers, grease ice, ice sheets, pancake ice, slush, snow, transition ice • differ in crystalline microstructure and age • http://www.gi.alaska.edu/~eicken/he_teach/GEOS615icenom/form/types.html

  13. http://www.polartrec.com/live-from-ipy/overview

  14. Ice Sheets • large • thick • “permanent” • built from both sea ice and glaciers • ice sheet melting does NOT raise sea level! • think: melting ice in a beverage

  15. http://www.polartrec.com/live-from-ipy/overview

  16. Flying Buttress • www.aaas.org/programs/centers/pe/abelson/content_2007/presentations/alley.ppt

  17. NASA image by Cindy Starr, based on data from Ole Bennike and Anker Weidick (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland) and Landsat data.)

  18. Monitoring Ice Sheets • GPS (global positioning system) • based on signals from 24 satellites • signal information includes: • where receiver is located • which satellite is generating the signal • how far away the satellite is located • data can be corrected for errors • can be considered the data source for GIS • http://www8.garmin.com/aboutGPS/manual.html • http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gps.htm

  19. Monitoring Ice Sheets • GIS (geographical information system) • integrates a variety of mapping and data tools • main function is to analyze spatial data • simplistic view: • start with an x-y grid (2-D map) • add vector data (add depth for topography) • based on CAD software • http://www.innovativegis.com/basis/primer/primer.html • http://gislounge.com/link-library/basics-foundations-to-gis/ • http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/Archives/primer/gisfrm.htm

  20. Let’s Pause for Three Questions

  21. http://www.polartrec.com/live-from-ipy/overview

  22. Common Analyses • Spectroscopic methods • Phosphorous (absorption of colored complexes • Ammonia (fluorescence or absorption schemes) • Nitrates, dissolved nitrogren • Cations (atomic absorption/emission) • Chromatographic methods • Anions • gases • particulate Carbon, Nitrogen (following digestion/combustion)

  23. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry • Measure changes in electron energy levels • Use thermal energy to promote electrons to higher levels • Individual elements each time

  24. UV-VIS Spectroscopy • Easy, cheap • Relies heavily on wet chemistry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV/VIS_spectroscopy http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html

  25. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy • Excite electrons and promote to higher energy levels • Measure emission as electrons fall to original levels • Multiple elements analyzed at once

  26. Ozone Sonde Balloons • Electrochemical reaction • Ozone reacts with KI • Current proportional to concentration • Balloons launched 2-5/week • latex or plastic, depending on T www.oar.noaa.gov/climate/t_ozonelayer.html

  27. And we haven’t even talked about ice cores! • www.andrill.org

  28. www.polartrec.com Sign up & Come along! Opportunities for Teachers

  29. Opportunities for Teachers www.dlese.org

  30. International Polar Day • Did you know… • polar days occur around solstices and equinoxes at polar regions • Changing Earth, Past & Present • ice, • climate, • oceans, • paleoclimate, • Earth history • Watch www.ipy.gov for more information • get involved! • Check PolarTrec for archives of broadcasts • Sign up for next week’s broadcast!

  31. Now that you know about today’s celebration of the International Polar Day, what will you do tomorrow to celebrate it with your students?

  32. Let’s Pause for Two Questions

  33. Thank you! • Check out the IPY Symposium Archives on the NSTA Learning Center for more IPY resources: http://learningcenter.nsta.org/products/symposia_seminars/fall07/IPY_Birmingham/symposium_post.aspx

  34. NASA logo Thanks to our presenter, Kathy Gorski and to NSF, NOAA, and NASA

  35. Elluminate logo http://www.elluminate.com

  36. NLC screenshot http://learningcenter.nsta.org

  37. National Science Teachers Association Gerry Wheeler, Executive Director Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning NSTA Web Seminars Flavio Mendez, Director Danielle Troiano, Project Coordinator Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

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