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The Nixon Years 1970s

The Nixon Years 1970s. Part Two. The Carter Doctrine January 1980. The doctrine was a response to the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. President Jimmy Carter.

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The Nixon Years 1970s

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  1. The Nixon Years1970s Part Two

  2. The Carter Doctrine January 1980 The doctrine was a response to the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union President Jimmy Carter Declared that any interference with U.S. oil interests in the Persian Gulf would be considered an attack on the vital interests of the United States

  3. Ping Pong Diplomacy They became the first American sports team to set foot in the Chinese capital since 1949 In 1972, the Chinese team came to the U.S. The U.S. Table Tennis team was in Japan in 1971 when they received an invitation to visit China.

  4. The Opening of Relations with Communist China 1972 Nixon visited China opening ‘informal’ relations Mao Zedong President Nixon

  5. Soviets sought détente A lessening of tensions

  6. Nixon’s High Point The improved relations with the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China are often cited as the most successful diplomatic achievements of Nixon’s presidency.

  7. SALT and Nuclear Arms (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) • Nixon surprised the world again, went to the U.S.S.R. in 1972 to meet with Premier Brezhnev

  8. SALT I • Nixon and Soviet Premier Brezhnev signed agreements at SALT which had been in the works since 1969 • Agreed to limit the number of ICBMs and halt the development of anti-missile systems

  9. Selling Soviets American Wheat Consumer food prices rose Soviets experienced a crop failure. They bought $750 million dollars worth of surplus American wheat

  10. The 1972 Presidential Election

  11. Nixon • McGovern

  12. George Wallace Shot, Paralyzed

  13. The Election of 1972 • Despite the growing stain of Watergate, which had not yet reached the President, Nixon won by the largest margin in history to that point. 49 states 520 – 17 electoral votes

  14. WATERGATE • 1972: Five men were arrested for breaking and entering into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Office complex in Washington, D.C.

  15. The Watergate break-in only one small part of a large pattern of corruption and crime sanctioned by White House

  16. 1970: When the New York Times reported the secret, illegal bombing of Cambodia, Nixon ordered illegal phone taps of newspaper men and government employees thought to have leaked the information to the press

  17. 1971: Pentagon Papers were published, exposing the misleading of the American public over Vietnam for decades. • Result: Illegal White House activities increased(break ins, wiretappings) on Daniel Ellsberg, who released the information.

  18. 1972: Team of “dirty tricksters” attack Democratic candidates for president Example: Accused Humphrey and Senator Jackson of sexual improprieties They forged false press releases, set off stink bombs at Democratic rallies, tried to pin false racists remarks on Democrats like Edmund Muskie

  19. FBI • Senate Watergate Committee • House Judiciary Committee • The press • Revealed that this burglary was one of many illegal activities authorized and carried out by Nixon's staff. Crimes and abuses included… • campaign fraud • political espionage and sabotage • illegal break-ins • improper tax audits • illegal wiretapping • a secret fund to pay those who conducted these operations G. Gordon Liddy E. Howard Hunt The Investigations John Ehrlichman John Dean

  20. The Washington Post Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein • Watergate came to public attention largely through the work of Woodward Bernstein, investigative reporters from the Washington Post. • Despite enormous political pressure, Post editor Ben Bradlee, publisher Katherine Graham, Woodward and Bernstein, aided by an enigmatic source nicknamed “Deepthroat” kept the story in the public consciousness until Nixon’s resignation.

  21. Washington Post reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward publish the book All the President’s Men, documenting their 26-month coverage of the Watergate scandal.

  22. The Nixon Tapes

  23. It was revealed that Nixon had a tape recording system in his offices • 1. Nixon claimed “executive privilege” and refused to release the tapes. • 2. Archibald Cox: appointed by Nixon as Special Prosecutorin Watergate case, was ordered fired by Nixon after Cox went to court to get Nixon to turn over the tapes. • The reason: Cox refused to accept the transcripts in place of the tapes.

  24. The Saturday Night Massacre Archibald Cox • 3. The U.S. Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General (The two highest law enforcement positions in the country) resigned or were fired rather than comply with the order. • 4. Cox was eventually fired, but his replacement also took Nixon to court to get the tapes

  25. 1974 The Supreme Court rules that the tapes must be handed over • The tapes were handed over, but important parts erased or missing

  26. Congress Debated Impeachment • Three articles of impeachment were recommended by House Judiciary Committee 1. Obstruction of justice through ‘hush money’ and withholding evidence 2. Using Federal agencies to deprive citizens of their constitutional rights 3. Defiance of Congress. (for withholding the tapes)

  27. Nixon Pardoned President Gerald Ford

  28. End of The Nixon Years – Part Two

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