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Virginia Pupil Transportation

Virginia Pupil Transportation. Russ Spangler Vice President – Automotive & Bus Sales Cummins Atlantic LLC Rick Glover- Technical Support Manager Cummins Inc. Southern Division. June 23, 2010. Todays Topics. 2010 EPA Emissions Standards New for 2010 Methods

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Virginia Pupil Transportation

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  1. Virginia Pupil Transportation Russ Spangler Vice President – Automotive & Bus Sales Cummins Atlantic LLC Rick Glover- Technical Support Manager Cummins Inc. Southern Division June 23, 2010

  2. Todays Topics • 2010 EPA Emissions • Standards • New for 2010 • Methods • SCR - Selective Catalytic Reduction • EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation • Approaches • What’s next?

  3. Systems Integration Electronic Controls Diesel Exhaust Fluid Filtration Combustion Technology Aftertreatment System Turbochargers Fuel Systems

  4. 2010 One 20 year old truck = 100 New

  5. What’s in Air We Breathe? • Nitrogen 78% • Oxygen 20% • Carbon Dioxide < 2% & Trace Elements

  6. Effect of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Sun transforms NOx into SMOG

  7. EPA ’98 EPA ’02 EPA ’07 EPA ’10 EPA NA Emission Standards 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 NOx – g/hp-hr 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 Particulate – g/hp-hr

  8. Methods for 2010 Emissions Compliance • “Advanced” EGR • Selective Catalytic Reduction

  9. 100% EGR Challenges • Fuel EconomySignificantly Compromised • 5-9% loss • Combustion Efficiency degradation: • Lower Combustion Temperatures • Higher engine pumping losses • Increase Particulate Filter Regenerations

  10. 100% EGR Challenges Horsepower - Power Density / Engine ResponseSignificantly Compromised • Deterioration of 50 – 100 hp for same displacement • Higher EGR flow & EGR controls compromises engine performance

  11. 100% EGR Challenges • Engine Life-to-Overhaulsignificantly reduced • Higher EGR flow produces excessive acidic condensation: • Corrosion of internal engine systems • High rate of lube oil contamination • Negative impact on Durability

  12. 100% EGR Challenges • Significant Increase inHeat Rejection • 20% increase • Higher EGR flow: • Multiple EGR coolers • Larger vehicle cooling package • Major redesign of radiator / Charge Air Cooler / Fan systems • Increased Heat Load under the hood

  13. What is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)? • SCR uses a chemical called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) and a SCR catalytic converter to significantly reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in diesel engines.

  14. Cummins Aftertreatment System

  15. Cummins Aftertreatment System Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Catalyst Decomposition Reactor Cummins Particulate Filter Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Valve

  16. The Right Technology Matters • Cummins Heavy-Duty engines will add integrated SCR solution to meet 2010 EPA Emission Standards - Significant advancements in SCR technology have been achieved by Cummins Emission Solutions as demonstrated by our 2010 MidRange development program. - SCR solution offers up to 5% improvement in fuel economy.

  17. The Right Technology Matters New SCR catalyst technology allows the engine to operate with optimum fuel efficiency - NOx conversion efficiency of new Copper Zeolite SCR catalyst allows much better fuel economy - Fuel (+DEF) consumption better than industry-leading Cummins 2007 ISX - Approximately 2% DEF consumption - Maximizes Passive Regeneration of the DPF New SCR catalyst is a Step Change in Technology

  18. 15L Heavy Duty Solution 2007 Particulate Filter Cooled EGR

  19. Selective Catalytic Reduction 15L Same as today Heavy Duty Solution 2010 Particulate Filter Cooled EGR

  20. Acidic pH DEF Properties • Non-toxic and non-flammable • Safe to handle and store • Poses no serious risk to humans, animals, equipment or the environment if properly handled • The product is slightly alkaline with a pH of approximately 9.0

  21. All Outlets Cummins Outlets - Red OEM Outlets – Green Parts Distribution Centers (PDC) – Blue Independent Distribution - Yellow

  22. Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) • Diesel Exhaust Fluid is 32.5% strength urea water solution with high purity requirements. • The specification of Diesel Exhaust Fluid is currently defined according to the DIN 70700 and the ISO 22241-1 specifications. • Water purity: ISO grade 3, produced for example by single distillation, de-ionization, ultra-filtration or reverse osmosis.

  23. Why 32.5% for DEF? • The 32.5% wt urea water solution provides the lowest freezing point while also maintaining the solution in constant phase. • Urea and water freeze together at 11° F so the frozen solution has the same 32.5% wt. • When thawed, it will remain at the same concentration of urea solution feeding the SCR system. • What happens at different concentrations of Urea: • Greater concentrations → Urea freezes before water • Reduced concentrations → Water freezes before Urea

  24. DEF Freeze Point • Freezing of DEF begins at approximately 11°F. • Once the DEF has melted, it can be used without problem. The first melted drop has the same consistency as defined in the Diesel Exhaust Fluid specification. • The SCR system is designed to provide heating for the DEF tank and supply lines which will reduce the melting time for frozen DEF. • If DEF freezes, start up and normal operation of the vehicle is not inhibited so the operator is not impacted.

  25. DEF Service Tool • A service tool called a refractometer is in development. • The refractometer measures the concentration of urea in the DEF. • May provide one quick, simple way for urea quantification.

  26. How Much will DEF Cost? • Automotive grade DEF is only slightly more expensive to produce compared to Agricultural grade DEF. - Requires a higher purity urea base stock and deionized water • Higher prices of DEF are associated with smaller containers and low volume suppliers. • DEF prices loosely follow natural gas commodity prices

  27. How Much DEF Will I Use? • Approximately 2% DEF consumption Every 50 gallons of fuel = 1 gallon of DEF

  28. Cummins 2010 Advantages • Outstanding Base Engine • XPI Fuel System • Aftertreatment System • Cummins designed and developed • Copper Zeolite SCR Catalyst • Industry Leading Fuel Economy • 5% better than ISX ’07 • Up to 10% better than competition • Less driver MPG variability across the fleet

  29. ISX15 Readiness • Proven base engine • Built on success of today’s industry-leading ISX • Cummins designed / developed subsystems • Only diesel manufacturer with this capability • Exceptional product testing results • Will exceed 5,000,000 field test miles by production launch • Service channel is ready for 2010 • Approx. 3500 service locations across North America

  30. Better Every Mile. • Better Fuel Economy. • 5% better than ’07 ISX / Up to 10% better than competition • Better Performance. • Improved driveability and throttle response • Better Reliability. • Best-in-class durability and dependability • Better for the Environment. • Near zero NOx and PM emissions • Improved MPG results in smaller carbon footprint

  31. Thanks!

  32. Global On-Highway Standards 5.0 4.5 4.0 US98 3.5 EURO IV 3.0 NOx – g/HP-hr 2.5 US04 EURO V 2.0 1.5 EURO VI US07 1.0 0.5 US10 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 Particulate – g/HP-hr

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