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Rumungro

Rumungro. Viktor Elšík (Charles University). Rumungro of Selice. Poland. Czechia. NC. Ukraine. SC. Austria. Hungary. Slovak. Hungarian. General information. village of Selice ( Šóka): 3,500 inhabitants 2,200 Roma “Rumungri” (Rumungro)

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Rumungro

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  1. Rumungro Viktor Elšík (Charles University)

  2. Rumungro of Selice Poland Czechia NC Ukraine SC Austria Hungary

  3. Slovak Hungarian

  4. General information • village of Selice (Šóka): 3,500 inhabitants • 2,200 Roma “Rumungri” (Rumungro) • 300 Roma “Pojáki” (a different dialect of Romani) • 2,000 Hungarians • hierarchy: Hungarians > “Rumungri” > “Pojáki” • Rumungro • family and in-group communication among “Rumungri” • learned as L2 by local “Pojáki” and some local Hungarians • inter-group communication between “Rumungri” and “Pojáki” • no publications, no education, no media

  5. Contact layers Indo-Aryan West Iranian Armenian, Ossetic, Georgian 10th c. Greek South Slavic Croatian 16/17th c. – currentHungarian 1920 – currentSlovak 1950 – current Czech

  6. (Hungarian deictic pro-words)

  7. (Coordination) • 1. CONJUNCTIVE taj ‘and’ te – te ‘both – and’ ni – ni ‘neither – nor’ • 2. DISJUNCTIVE vaď ‘or’ vaď – vaď ‘either – or’ ha – ha‘whether – or’ • 3. ADVERSATIVE de ‘but’ azomba ‘however’ mégiš ‘still, even so’ halem ‘G. sondern’

  8. (Coordination) • BORROWING HIERARCHY (Matras 1998) adversative > disjunctive > conjunctive Hungarian HungarianCroatian indigenous • SELECTIVE BORROWING

  9. Morphological borrowing • category borrowing (PAT) • iterative aktionsart • causatives • orientation • gender • associative • construction borrowing (PAT) • lexical compounds • reciprocal • universal quantifiers • affix borrowing (MAT) • numerous

  10. Morphological borrowing • category borrowing (PAT) • iterative aktionsart • causatives • orientation • gender • associative • construction borrowing (PAT) • lexical compounds • reciprocal • universal quantifiers • affix borrowing (MAT) • numerous

  11. Associative • Hungarian kőműves ‘bricklayer’ kőműves-ek ‘bricklayers’ kőműves-ék ‘bricklayer & his work team’ • Rumungro kémívėš-i ‘bricklayer’ kémívėšš-ė ‘bricklayers’ kémívėš-ingere ‘bricklayer & his work team’

  12. Associative ASS kémívėš-in-ger-e GEN.SGNOM.SGkémívėš-is-ker-e GEN.PLNOM.SGkémívėš-en-ger-e

  13. Associative

  14. Morphological borrowing • category borrowing (PAT) • iterative aktionsart • causatives • orientation • gender • associative • construction borrowing (PAT) • lexical compounds • reciprocal • universal quantifiers • affix borrowing (MAT) • numerous

  15. Universal quantifiers minden-hogyan every-how ‘in every manner’ minden-sar < Croatian minden-ki every-who ‘everybody’ sa-ko -who minden-hol every-where ‘everywhere’ minden-káj sa-káj

  16. Affix borrowing • affix extraction • = indirect matter borrowing • affixes of L2 origin are borrowed as parts of borrowed word-forms, then expanded to non-L2 bases • affix replication • = direct matter borrowing • affixes of L2 origin are borrowed directly, without the mediation of word-form borrowing

  17. Affix replication • [D]espite the many claims concerning the “borrowing” of phonology, morphology, and even syntax, there has been no convincing demonstration that such structural change occurs without mediation by some other medium or process. (Winford 2003: 61)

  18. Affix extraction -(V)z- V = a ~ e ~ o ~ ö

  19. Affix extraction -(V)z- V = a ~ e ~ o ~ ö

  20. Affix extraction • nominative noun inflections (< Greek) • verb adaptation markers -in-, -is- (< Greek) • participle marker -ime (< Greek) • adjective and adverb derivation -ik-, -ik-a (< Greek) • ordinal marker -t- (< Greek) • feminine derivation -kiň- (< Croatian) • adjective adaptation markers -n-, -av- (< Croatian) • attenuative marker -ast- (< Croatian) • nominalisation -áš-, -íš-, -šág- (< Hungarian) • causative marker -tat- (< Hungarian) • adverb derivation -(š)on (< Hungarian) • and more

  21. Affix replication

  22. Affix replication • other instances • deictic-contrast marker am- (< Hungarian) • deictic-identity marker uďan- (< Hungarian) • specific indefinite marker vala- (< Hungarian) • free-choice indefinite marker akár- (< Hungarian) • universal-quantifier marker minden- (< Hungarian) • separative adverbial marker -tú (< Hungarian) • borrowed from Current L2 • construction parallelism • closed classes (but degree!)

  23. Brief overview (ROM < HUN) • phonology e.g. intonation patterns, word-initial stress, vowel length, palatals, geminates, morpho-phonological rules (incl. vowel harmony) • typology e.g. prefixes, preverbs • nominal structures e.g. case, gender, nominalisation • verbal structures e.g. infinitive, aktionsart, causatives, verbalisation • other POS e.g. particles (phasal, focus, modality, discourse, fillers), conjunctions, interjections, pronouns (deictics, interrogatives, indefinites), numerals and quantifiers; degree • constituent order e.g. some postpositions, pragmatic variation • syntax clause-combining (coordination, complementation, relativisation, adverbial subordination): majority of conjunctions, non-finite construction • lexicon all word classes, incl. basic vocabulary

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