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Chapter 5. Violation of norms. Judge dresses down man over T-shirt.
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Chapter 5 Violation of norms
Judge dresses down man over T-shirt • A young man showed up for a court hearing wearing a obscene T-shirt. “It was inappropriate, to say the least,” according to the judge. The man tried to make a joke out of it but the judge considered the shirt openly contemptuous and stated the man should have known better. “It says on the summons that proper attire is required.”
Questions to answer • Why are dress norms violated? • What are some specific examples of dress norm violations? • How can dress norm violations vary?
Violation of norms • Based on the assumption that a society or group agrees on some norms from which an individual’s behavior can deviate • Deviant behavior is dysfunctional • Makes social life unpredictable • Causes confusion about norms and values • Undermines trust about people’s behavior • Diverts resources to control the behavior
Reasons for norm violation • Culture change • Location • Transmission • Values and motives • Physical conditions • Environmental conditions • Demands on resources • Temporal incompatibilities between statuses • Normative system itself • Internalization
Culture change • Refers to modification of norms at different periods of time
Location • Geographical locality • Different parts of the country have local norms that apply to dress • For example, California-casual
Transmission • Not all individuals receive • Comparable instruction • Equivalent contact • Consistent examples • Regarding appropriate and inappropriate dress • And consequences of norm violation
Gender-role socialization • Boys and girls socialized differently with regard to dress norms • Boys do not receive the same training about aesthetic rules that girls do • Boys less knowledgeable about dress norms, thus, • Boys more likely to violate dress norms
Masculinity—defined as what it is NOT • Not feminine • Effeminate—a male who is similar to or imitates the behavior, appearance, or speech of females • Changes in cultural views of masculinity • Metrosexual—an urban male who has a strong aesthetic sense and spends time and money on his appearance
Stereotypes about cultural categories • Different social positions (age, gender) • Different contexts (historical, social, cultural) • Lead to different interpretation of norms • Stereotypes are resistant to change
Frame transformation • Refers to a process whereby • groups take a negative concept (e.g., white trash) • and try to turn it into something positive • in order to create a sense of belonging and pride • E.g., hippie chic
Consequences of norm violation • Newspaper articles • Other mass media • Report examples of sanctions daily • Not everyone is equally exposed to the examples • Mass media—means of communication designed to reach the general population
Agencies of socialization • Conflict is unavoidable • School vs. family – contradictory purposes • Church vs. adolescent peer group • Families vs. mass media • Conflict within a single family
Attachment to significant others • Significant others—parents, teachers, peers • Help children accept conventional norms • Anticipated disapproval of others • Lack of proper socialization—not influenced by “What would people think?”
Secondary group socialization • Peer group socialization • Distinguish group by deliberate violation of conventional norms • Norm violation a way of expressing allegiance to a group
Values and motives • Different values, different motives = different ideas of the legitimacy of norms • Motive: That which causes an individual’s action • Choice between personal and collective values
Conformity to fashion norms • Gain friendship and approval • Reduce fear of ridicule and disapproval • Maintain or increase security • Boredom leads to restlessness • Search for uniqueness, individualism, novelty, to escape boredom • Adopt new and innovative fashions
Normative socialization theory • Behavior is response to sanctions • Traditional environment – rewarded for conformity to conventional dress norms • Non-traditional environment – rewarded for non-traditional dress
Gang • Group of people, usually young, who band together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society • Gang members—reject conventional dress but conform to gang dress code
Physical Conditions • Bodily state over which an individual has no control • Inability to meet normative demands • Old, asymmetrical facial features, physical disability, large bone structure • Violate norms of being young, slim, beautiful, and perfect
Bodily states that present obstacles • Facial features—plastic surgery, makeup • Disabilities—jeans, shoes do not fit • Wheelchairs—barriers • Color blindness—inherited • Blindness • Stereotypes contribute to obstacles
Environmental Conditions • Ecological state such as • Temperature • Humidity • Precipitation • Professional dress in warmer weather
Demands on resources • Time, money, energy • Lack of sufficient resources • Competing demands—food vs. clothing
Prom: Demands on resources • Extravagant display of consumerism • Reflection of social status • Fashion faux pas – mistake – to wear same dress to a prom as another girl • Exclusivity and fit—important attributes of a prom dress • How to pay for the prom
Temporal incompatibilities between statuses • Unprepared to make a change from a status at one life stage to a later status • Psychologically • Socially • Technically • Transition to a succeeding status involves inherent difficulties • Pre-teen to adolescence; adult to old age
Adolescence • Early adolescence—ages 12-18 • Late adolescence—ages 18-22 • Emerging adulthood • Lingo—specialized set of terms requiring that it be learned like a language • Jargon—language used by a particular group • Fashion Maven—an expert in fashion
The normative system itself • Some norms are uncontrollable elements of a situation in which an individual must try to conform to other norms • Concurrent but competing statuses result in role conflict • Role strain—roles associated with a single status are in opposition to one another • Social role—standardized set of expectations • Gender roles vs. occupational roles
Internalization • Adoption of others’ attitudes, beliefs, and values, either consciously or unconsciously • Norms become a part of an individual’s motivational system • Committed to norms as being “right” • Not all people internalize cultural norms • Resistance to norm violation—commitment to norms and an ability to justify to the self the moral reasons for not deviating