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TRENDS IN NATIONAL INCOME. MEANING. NATIONAL INCOME THREE APPROACHES TO DEFINE NATIONAL INCOME PRODUCT METHOD INCOME METHOD EXPENDITURE METHOD. NATIONAL INCOME IN INDIA. BEFORE INDEPENDENCE PCY DADABHAI NAOROJI - RS. 20
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MEANING • NATIONAL INCOME • THREE APPROACHES TO DEFINE NATIONAL INCOME • PRODUCT METHOD • INCOME METHOD • EXPENDITURE METHOD
NATIONAL INCOME IN INDIA • BEFORE INDEPENDENCE • PCY • DADABHAI NAOROJI - RS. 20 • WADIA AND JOSHI - RS. 44 SHAH AND KHAMBATA - 74 VKRV RAO ------- 62 MINISTRY OF COMMERCE---------198
DIFFICULTIES IN MEASURING NI NO GOVT. AGENCY NO RELIABLE DATA NO UNIFORMITY IN METHODS ESTIMATES BASED ON CURRENT PRICES
NATIONAL INCOME AFTER INDEPENDENCE • NATIONAL INCOME COMMITTEE • 1951-1954 CENTRAL STAISTICAL ORGANISATION • CONVENTIOANL SERIES-1952-67 BASE 1949 • FIRST REVISED SERIES-BASE TO 1960 • SECOND REVISED- BASE 1970 • THIRD –BASE 1980 FOURTH – BASE 1993-94 • FIFTH-1999-2000 ;; NEW SERIES-2004-05
METHODS TO MEASURE NI AFTTER INDEPENDENCE • VALUE ADDED METHOD-AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; FISHING; MINING REGISTERED MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED = VALUE OF OUTPUT – VALUE OF INTERMEDIATE GOODS • INCOME METHOD -COTTAGE AND SMALL INDUSTRIES; UNREGISTERED MANUFACTURING; ROADS WATER TRANSPORT; HOTELS; • ADDING FACTOR INCOMES; OR PROFIT LOSS ACCOUNTS
METHODS TO MEASURE NI AFTTER INDEPENDENCE • EXPENDITURE METHOD OR • RURAL CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY ;; COMMODITY FLOW METHOD FOR URBAN CONSTRUCTION
IMPORTANCE • TO ESTIMATE THE NLEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • TO CALCULATE PER CAPITA INCOME • TO ANALYSE BUSINESS CYCLES • TO HELP IN FORMULATION OF ECONOMIC • FOR INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS • TO ANALYSE REGIONAL COMPARISONS
DIFFICULTIES IN MEASURE MENT OF NATIONAL INCOME • NON MONETISED SECTOR • LACK OF DISTINCT DIFFERENTIATION IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES • CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS- DEFINITION ;; BASE YEAR • BLACK MONEY • INTERREGIONAL DIFFERENCES • NO RELIABLE DATA DUE TO ILLITERACY
WRONG DISCLOSURE OF DATA • DIFFICULTIES OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES • LACK OF SKILLED – TRAINED PERSONNEL • WHAT IS NOT ICLUDED IN NI • ILLEGAL ACTS • NON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES • BLACK MONEY