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Elementary Statistics Picturing the World

Elementary Statistics Picturing the World. Data Classification. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements. Qualitative data – consist of values that describe qualities or non-numerical (i.e. brand names, letter grades)

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Elementary Statistics Picturing the World

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  1. Elementary StatisticsPicturing the World Data Classification

  2. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements • Qualitative data – consist of values that describe qualities or non-numerical (i.e. brand names, letter grades) • Quantitative data – consist of values representing counts or measurements (i.e. social security numbers, percentage grades)

  3. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements • Four Levels of Measurement: • Nominal – data consisting of names, labels, or categories only. The data are qualitative and can not be ranked or ordered • Ordinal –qualitative or quantitative data that can be arranged in some order. It generally does not make sense to do computations with ordinal data. • Interval – quantitative data which intervals are meaningful, but ratios are not. Data at this level have an arbitrary zero point. • Ratio – quantitative data which both intervals and ratios are meaningful. Data at this level have a true zero point.

  4. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements • Four Levels of Measurement: • Nominal – Flavors (vanilla comes before chocolate), gender, type of car you drive, occupation • Ordinal – Movie ratings ( 3 stars vs. 2 stars) • Interval – temperature (55 degrees is more than 11 degrees, but 55 degrees is not necessarily 5 times hotter than 11 degrees because 0 does not represent no temperature i.e. oven bake times), SAT scores • Ratio – distances (10 miles is twice 5 miles, and 0 miles means no distance), salary, age

  5. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements

  6. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Eye color on a dating survey? • Qualitative • Quantitative

  7. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Scores on a multiple choice exam? • Qualitative • Quantitative

  8. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Flavors of ice cream? • Qualitative • Quantitative

  9. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements College majors? • Qualitative • Quantitative

  10. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Weights of trucks? • Qualitative • Quantitative

  11. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Incomes of college graduates? • Qualitative • Quantitative

  12. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Student rankings of cafeteria food: excellent, good, fair, poor? • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio definite order

  13. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Weights of wrestlers? • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio true zero point

  14. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Calendar years of historic events, such as 1776, 1945, 2001? • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio because dates have no meaningful ratios and zero does not represent beginning of time

  15. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Numbers on uniforms? • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio no ordering

  16. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Temperatures on the Celsius scale? • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio because temperature has no meaningful ratios and zero degrees does not mean “no heat”

  17. 1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Runner’s times in the Boston Marathon? • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio true zero point

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