Nathaniel Hawthorne

1. Nathaniel Hawthorne “…and in its beauty,--which is not merely outward, but deep as its whole system,--is represented the intellect, the imagination, the sensibility, the soul of an Artist of the Beautiful!”

2. 1804 - 1821 • Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts • His father, Nathaniel Hathorne was a sea captain and died in 1808 of yellow fever • After his father died, his mother Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne lived in seclusion until her death. Nathaniel and his 2 sisters moved to live with other relatives • On November 10, 1813 was hit on the leg while playing baseball and became lame • He was then sent to Bowdoin College in 1821 where he was educated for 4 years thanks to his uncle. Here he met Franklin Pierce and they became good friends.

3. 1821-25: Studied at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 1825: Returned to Salem Independently tried to perfect the art of writing via reading fiction 1828: After FANSHAWE, so embarrassed that he tried to destroy all copies 1839-1840: Employed at the Boston Custom House 1841: Resident at agricultural co-operative Brookhollow Far 1842: Married Sophia Peabody Works Published Dring this Period: 1828. Fanshawe. The Hollow of the Three Hills. An Old Woman’s Tale. 1832: My Kinsman, Major Molineux 1832: Roger Malvin’s Burial 1835: Young Goodman Brown 1837: Twice-Told Tales 1821 - 1842

4. 1842 - 1864 • 1842 – Married Sophia Peabody, had three children, Una, Rose, and Julian • Hawthorne settled in Transcendentalist country, Concorde, MA • Was friends with other transcendentalists – Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau • Lived in England for 4 years as U.S. Consul, in Italy for 1 ½ years • Wrote The Blithedale Romance, Tanglewood Tales for Boys and Girls, Artist of the Beautiful, Mosses from an Old Manse, The House of Seven Gables, and The Scarlet Letter • Finished Our Old Home before his death on May 19, 1864.

5. Brook Farm and Transcendentalism • An experimental communal living from 1841-1847 • 175-acre farm located in West Roxbury, Mass • Directed by George Ripely, a leader in the Transcendental Club • An american literary, political, and philosophical movement of the 19th century. • Rejected religion, individual intuition was more important. • Centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson.

6. “Issues” for Hawthorne • Father died when he was 4 • Deeply affected by his mother’s death in July 1848 • Wanted to disassociate himself with the name “Hathorne” because of his family’s past with the Salem witch trials • In 1819 went back to Salem for school and complained of homesickness • Temporarily “lame” for a year although doctors said nothing was wrong • Lost his job due to the change of administration in Washington in 1848 • His writing could not always support him and his wife