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The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border)

The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border). Mary Hayden Research Review October 4, 2007. Presentation Outline. Recent History of Dengue in Mexico/South Texas 2005 Outbreak Investigation Methods Results Current Study.

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The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border)

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  1. The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border) Mary Hayden Research Review October 4, 2007

  2. Presentation Outline • Recent History of Dengue in Mexico/South Texas • 2005 Outbreak Investigation • Methods • Results • Current Study

  3. Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) • Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes • Disease characterized by sudden onset of headache + fever – myalgia – anorexia - arthralgia • Endemic in tropics • Increasing incidence worldwide • Estimated 50-100 million dengue infections annually

  4. Aedes aegypti and Dengue Fever • Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of yellow fever and the dengue viruses. • Peri-domestic, day-biting mosquito which breeds in and around humans • Prefers to breed in artificial containers such as vases, pet dishes, 55 gallon drums

  5. Study Region - Matamoros, MX and Brownsville, TX Matamoros

  6. Dengue in South Texas 4 outbreaks with local transmission Hafkin B. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982; 31(6), 1222-8 Gubler D. "Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever." Tropical Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. MMWR 1996;45(39);841-4 MMWR 2000;50:57-9

  7. Cases of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Reported in Tamaulipas, Mexico from 2000 to 2006 Source: Boletín Epidemiolgía [Spanish]. México, D.F. Dirección General de Epidemiología, 2001 – 2007. Available at http://www.dgepi.salud.gob/mx/boletin.

  8. Matamoros Cases of dengue by week of report, Matamoros (Mexico) and Cameron County, TX, 2005 Cameron County 150 100 Number of cases Serosurveys,5-15 Dec Autochthnous DHF,Cameron County 50 0 9 9 8 15 22 29 12 19 26 12 19 26 16 23 30 14 21 28 11 18 25 16 23 30 13 20 27 10 17 24 15 22 29 12 19 26 10 17 24 31 2 Jul 2 Apr 1 Oct 8 Jan 4 Jun 5 Mar 5 Feb 5 Nov 3 Dec 6 Aug 3 Sep 7 May

  9. Methods • Two stage cluster sample design (WHO) - systematically selected census tracts after ordering by socioeconomic status (SES) and then randomly selected households from within the sampled census tract • Household-level • Questionnaire with travel history • Blood samples • Entomological survey • Serology testing • Results were weighted to reflect each individual’s chance of selection in the sample.

  10. Seroprevalence of anti-dengue IgM and IgG Antibodies* by City * Weighted point estimate and (95% confidence interval).

  11. Spatial Distribution of IgM Positive Participants Brownsville Matamoros IgM Positive IgM Negative Source: Rafael Moreno, U. Colorado

  12. Select Housing Characteristics* of Participants by City Characteristic MatamorosBrownsville Central A/C 4% 46% Room A/C 27% 40% Intact screens 65% 61% Mean no. occupants/home 5.4 5.0 Mean distance to neighbors (m) 3.8 10.8 Mean lot size (m2) 307 1070 * Weighted point estimates

  13. Mosquito Larval Indices* by City * Weighted data

  14. Human-Environmental Interaction and the Effect of Waste Tire Removal on Risk for Dengue Fever Infection in Brownsville, TX and Matamoros, MX. Funded by: Pan American Health Organization EPA

  15. Brownsville, TX and Matamoros, MX • Assess human health-environmental factors, specifically the effect of waste tire proximity on human-vector contact through measurement of mosquito indices • Evaluate Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus resistance to a widely utilized organophosphate – temephos • Qualitatively evaluate household level perception of risk of dengue transmission from waste tires and options for control

  16. Rio Bravo

  17. Toxorhynchites

  18. Tire Interventions Evaluation of intervention will take place the end of October

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