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Calcitonin

<BioChemistry>. Calcitonin. 2006312182 김준희. A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 1>. Introduction.

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Calcitonin

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  1. <BioChemistry> Calcitonin 2006312182 김준희 A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 1>

  2. Introduction Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchia body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone(PTH). It has been found in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Its importance in humans has not been as well established as its importance in other animals. A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 2>

  3. Feature A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 3>

  4. Biosynthesis Calcitonin is formed by the proteolytic cleavage of a larger prepropeptide, which is the product of the CALC1 gene (CALCA). The CALC1 gene belongs to a superfamily of related protein hormone precursors including islet amyloid precursor protein, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and the precursor of adrenomedullin. The calcitonin receptor, found primarily on osteoclasts, is a G protein-coupled receptor, which is coupled by Gs to adenylyl cyclase and thereby to the generation of cAMP in target cells. A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 4>

  5. Physiology The hormone participates in calcium(Ca2+) and phosphorus metabolism. In many ways, calcitonin has the counter effects of parathyroid hormone(PTH). To be specific, reduces blood Ca2+ levels in three ways: 1) Decreasing Ca2+ absorption by the intestines. 2) Decreasing osteoclast activity in bones. 3) Decreasing Ca2+ and phosphate reabsorption by the kidney tubules. A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 5>

  6. Action 1) Bone mineral metabolism: - Prevent postprandial hypercalcemia resulting from absorption of Ca2+ from foods during a meal - Promote mineralization of skeletal bone. - Protect against Ca2+ loss from skeleton during periods of Ca2+ stress such as pregnancy and lactation. 2) Vitamin D regulation 3) A satiety hormone: - Inhibit food intake in rats and monkeys - May have CNS action involving the regulation of feeding and appetite. A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 6>

  7. Sequence • Protein: • vllaalvqdy | vqmkaseleq | eqeregssld | sprskrcgnl | stcmlgtytq • 51 dfnkfhtfpq | taigvgapgk | krdmssdler | dhrphvsmpq | nan • Gene sequence: • 1 gtcctgctgg | ctgcactggt | gcaggactat | gtgcagatga | aggccagtga | • 51 gctggagcag | gagcaagaga | gagagggctc | cagcctggac | agccccagat | • 101 ctaagcggtg | cggtaatctg | agtacttgca | tgctgggcac | atacacgcag | • 151 gacttcaaca | agtttcacac | gttcccccaa | actgcaattg | gggttggagc | • 201 acctggaaag | aaaagggata | tgtccagcga | cttggagaga | gaccatcgcc | • 251 ctcatgttag | catgccccag | aatgccaact | aa • - Calcitonin and Calcitonin gene related peptide are transcribed from the same gene; differential splicing after transcription yields the different mRNAs for calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide. A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 7>

  8. Further Information A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 8>

  9. Reference • http://www.pubmed.gov • http://www.wikipedia.org A simple explanation about Calcitonin <Page 9>

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