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The Cell Theory

The Cell Theory. Hairy T-cell. Definition. = Three part theory about cells 1. All living things are made of cells. Part 2 of the Theory. 2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Part 3 of the Theory. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. yeast cells dividing.

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The Cell Theory

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  1. The Cell Theory Hairy T-cell

  2. Definition = Three part theory about cells 1.All living things are made of cells.

  3. Part 2 of the Theory 2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

  4. Part 3 of the Theory 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. yeast cells dividing

  5. Who came up with this theory? All plants are made of cells! 1. Schleiden (circa 1838) Onion skin cells

  6. Who came up with this theory? All animals are made of cells! 2. Schwann Human red blood cells

  7. Who came up with this theory? 3. Virchow All cells come from pre-existing cells!

  8. How big are cells? • Microscopic (mostly) • Measured in microns µm • (micrometers). • A µm is one millionth of a meter = • 10-9 m = one thousandth of 1 mm.

  9. How big are cells? Smallest free-living cell = Mycoplasma genitalium Size = 0.2 to 0.3 µm

  10. How big are cells? • Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka E.coli) • Size=1 µm by 3 µm

  11. How big are cells? • Human red blood cell = 8 µm in diameter

  12. How big are cells? • Largest cell on the human body = ovum • Size= • 1000 µm in diameter (1 mm)

  13. How big are cells? • Smallest cell in the human body = sperm cell.

  14. How big are cells? • Largest cell with a metabolism = Chaos chaos Size=1-5 mm in length. common name = Giant Amoeba Chaos diffluens, is an amoeba closely related to the giantamoebae

  15. How big are cells? • Largest cell = yolk of an ostrich egg

  16. Ostrich, egg, humans

  17. Ostrich emerged from egg

  18. How can we study cells? Problem: They are microscopic! Solution: Use a microscope!

  19. Types of Microscopes • Compound light microscope • Light passes through lenses to magnify image up to 1000X • Can observe living cells

  20. Types of Microscopes 2. Electron microscope • Uses a beam of electrons to magnify image > 1000X • Kills cells being observed

  21. Common features of all cells Small size – allows materials to move via diffusion • Diffusion = process by which molecules move from levels of high concentration to levels of low concentration until equilibrium is reached

  22. Diffusion • Google Image Result for http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif

  23. Common features of all cells 1. Cell Membrane – selectively/differentially permeable (lets some things in and out)

  24. Common features of all cells 2.Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material in which cell organelles float

  25. Common features of all cells 3. Nucleic acid containing genetic code : Which nucleic acid? DNA

  26. Common features of all cells 4. Cytoskeleton – proteins that support the cell (Microtubules & microfilaments)

  27. Common features of all cells 5. Ribosomes – make proteins

  28. If Cells could be really big …… Star Trek - The Immunity Syndrome

  29. Bibliography • http://www.hotlinecancer.com/?cat=28 • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4636121.stm • http://www.thebacteriabusters.com/eColi.html • http://www.lungcancer.co.uk/how.htm • http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html • http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa091400a.htm • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/babies/peopleevents/e_ovum.html • http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Animals/Birds/Growth-and-Development/Ostrich/Ostrich/Ostrich-15.html • http://www.flickr.com/photos/71751551@N00/1262329163/ • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Ostrich_egg.jpg • http://www.mambalam.net/slideshow.php?set_albumName=Animalia • http://strangebenevolent.blogspot.com/2007/07/meerkats-and-ostriches.html • www.madsci.org/posts/archives/dec97/878139903.Cb.r.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba_proteus • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Immunity_Syndrome_(Star_Trek

  30. Bibliography • http://www.pacpress.com/level3/micron.htm • Google Image Result for http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Diffusion.jpg • http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cell_membranes.html • http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/e/ribosomes/ • http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/580DNA.html • http://sciencecity.oupchina.com.hk/biology/student/glossary/cytoplasm.asp • http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect06.htm

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