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Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis. pvrireview.org/articles/2009/1/1. Largely N eglected T ropical Disease 200 million infected WW 20 million, severely 280,000 deaths annually. wga.hu. Quick Background/Terminology. Class: Trematode Genus: Schistosoma

maya-saunders
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Schistosomiasis

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  1. Schistosomiasis pvrireview.org/articles/2009/1/1

  2. Largely Neglected Tropical Disease 200 million infected WW 20 million, severely 280,000 deaths annually wga.hu

  3. Quick Background/Terminology • Class: Trematode • Genus: Schistosoma • Species: 3 infect humans • S. mansoni • S. haematobium • S. Japonicum • Terminology of lifecycle • Miracidia • Cercariae • Schistosomulae • eggs X 3500/day

  4. Lifecycle X 3500/day dpd.cdc.gov path.cam.ac.uk path.cam.ac.uk treehugger.com path.cam.ac.uk

  5. First rash, then flu-like symptoms Initial Infection Dermatitis 6-10 weeks later Severe Infections/Without Treatment Anemia Human G&D Impairment Cognitive Dysfunction Delayed Growth and Stunting Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Bladder Cancer Death Fever Chills Cough Muscle Aches path.cam.ac.uk emedicine.medscape.com/

  6. X 3500/day dpd.cdc.gov path.cam.ac.uk path.cam.ac.uk treehugger.com path.cam.ac.uk path.cam.ac.uk

  7. 6-10 weeks after rash… • CBC: eosinophils Definitive: Microscopy Seriologies PCR

  8. Is schistosomiasis really a curse? • Population density, movements, and growth: Paradox of success? Humans’ altering of their environment …

  9. … Anthropogenic Land Use The Volta Project in Ghana that trashed the Volta: …. and the Aswan High Dam scheme in Egypt: thecommonwealth.org books.google.com geogonline.org.uk

  10. Treatment isn’t as simple as a pill • Anti-helminths: Praziquantel: 10 cents • Vaccine in development but will be expensive • Plants/Herbs—problem thesynapticleap.org • discount-pet-superstore.com dragonmoon.ca

  11. We really need a better approach… instead of a pill-centric ideology • “people’s war against the snail” Education campaigns Manpower fecal exams /stern sanitation Drugs books.google.com

  12. This effective measure used conservation medicine “Unprecedented levels of disease and ill health in many species, driven by increasing burden  of anthropogenic environmental change.” (conservationmedicine.org) + +

  13. Program based solely on drug delivery + drugsdirectory.net tufts.edu/vet/ccm

  14. References • Hewlett BS & Cline BL (1997) Anthropological contributions to a community-based schistosomiasis control project in northern Cameroon. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, A25–36.  • http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/999469-media • King, C.H., Muchiri, E.M. and Ouma, J.H., 2000. Evidence against rapid emergence of praziquantel resistance in Schistosomahaematobium, Kenya. Emerg. Infect. Dis.6, pp. 585–594. • Clennon JA, King CH, Muchiri EM, Curtis Kariuki H, Ouma JH, Mungai P, Kitron U, 2004. Spatial patterns of urinary schistosomiasis infection in a highly endemic area of coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg70: 443–448 • http://www.case.edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/Schistosomiasis.htm • Madsen H, Bloch P, Phiri H, Kristensen TK, Furu P. 2001. Bulinusnyassanus is an intermediate host for Schistosomahaematobium in Lake Malawi. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95:353- 360. • http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_cercaria.html • http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=69804&jid=JBS&volumeId=29&issueId=01&aid=69803 • Dezowitz, Robert. New Guinea Tapeworms and Jewish Grandmothers: Tales of Parasits and People.

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