中国环境科学研究院 CRAES Gaojian, Wang Shulan , Chai Fahe

1. Air Pollution Control strategy making and the demonstration in Mega-cities in China 中国环境科学研究院 CRAES Gaojian,WangShulan, Chai Fahe

2. 主要内容 Outline • Background • Requirement for urban air quality management • Regulations for air quality management • 背景 • 城市空气质量管理需求 • 空气质量管理办法的制定

3. 背景 Background 2009年全国地级以上城市达标状况Characteristics of non-attainment cities in 2009

4. 城市空气污染严重、问题复杂Serious urban air pollution, complex reasons • 全国有相当数量的城市空气质量未达到国家二级标准； • 各项污染物污染分担率存在差异； • 污染物浓度水平不等； • 自然、社会、经济条件不同 • Many focused cities cannot attain National Grade II standards ; • Different proportion of pollutants; • Different concentration level of pollutants • Different background in nature, society and economic

5. 未达标城市特征分类 Classification for non-attainment cities • Cities located in urban agglomeration: complex sources result composite effects • Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region • Pearl river delta region • Yangtze river delta region • Relevant isolated cities: western cities • Northwest cities • Southeast cities • Seasonal characteristics cities: • Sandy period • Heating period • 处于城市群中的城市：成因复杂、呈现复合作用效应 • 京津冀 • 珠三角 • 长三角 • 相对孤立的城市：西部城市 • 西北部城市 • 西南部城市 • 季节性特征明显的城市： • 风沙期 • 采暖期

6. 管理工作面临挑战The management challenges • The regional compound pollution is getting worse • The state council transmitted the MEP’s notice about push forward regional joint prevention and control of air pollution: all of the key area should attain or above the national air quality level 2 by 2015 • City is the basic element of air quality management • Management innovations – scientific management • 区域性复合污染日益严重 • 国务院办公厅转发环境保护部等部门关于推进大气污染联防联控工作改善区域空气质量指导意见：到2015年，重点区域内所有城市空气质量达到或好于国家二级标准 • 城市是空气质量管理的最基本单元 • 管理创新——科学管理

7. 空气质量管理的要求 The objects of air quality management • 实现空气质量改善：减少空气污染对人体健康和生态环境的影响，促进更多的城市达到空气质量二级标准，并在需要特殊保护的区域达到一级标准。 • 管理者有章可循，指导被管理者有效行动 • Improve the air quality: reduce effects of air pollution on human health and ecosystem, promote more cities attain air quality level 2, and attain level 1 in specific areas • Guide the supervisees’ effective actions

8. 城市空气质量管理办法的制定The formulation of urban air quality management • 依据： • 一法+一个指导意见 • 工作目标： • 到2015年，全国环保重点城市达标比例由2009的67.3%提高到80%以上。 • 全国城市空气质量年均浓度达标比例从2009年的85.6%提高到90%以上。 • Basis: • one law & one guidance • Objectives: • Raise national key environmental protection cities attainment proportion from 67.3% in 2009 to 80% in 2015. • Raise national urban air quality attainment ratio from 85.6% in 2009 to 90% in 2015.

9. 空气质量管理办法的框架Framework of UAQMP • 8 chapters, 49 articles • Content: • General provision • Index and assessment for urban air quality • Hierarchical urban air quality management systems and procedures • Security mechanism • Support system • Approaches to improve air quality • Reporting, evaluation and assessment • Incentives • 总计八章，49条 • 主要内容： • 总则 • 城市环境空气质量指标和评价 • 城市空气质量分级管理制度与程序 • 保障机制 • 支撑体系 • 改善空气质量的途径 • 报告、评估和考核 • 奖惩措施

10. 第一章 总则 Chapter 1 General provision • 管理工作目标：Objectives: • 责任主体：各级城市人民政府 • Subject of liability: City government at all levels • 达标方案：达标期限、分阶段目标、措施&工程 • Compliance program: deadline, target phase

11. 分级管理： 国务院主管部门负责审批重点城市的达标方案，省自治区直辖市政府负责审批辖区内城市的达标方案；Hierarchical management: state council approve key cities’ compliance program, provincial and city government approve the relevant cities’ compliance program; • 同步改善：加强城市与区域协调配合，实现双赢；Synchronization improve: strength coordinate between city and region, achieve win-win; • 评估考核：定期对实施效果考核；Assessment: periodic assessment of the implementation effects • 管理创新：鼓励相关管理制度、科学研究与技术的创新，以及公众参与。Management innovations: encourage innovations among management system, research and technology, public participation.

12. 第二章城市环境空气质量指标与评价Chapter 2 Index and assessment for urban air quality

13. 第三章 城市空气质量分级管理制度与程序Chapter 3 Hierarchical urban air quality management systems and procedures

14. 审批重点： Key point in approval : • 现状是否清楚、问题是否准确； Whether situation is clear, problem is accurate; • 达标期限是否合理； Whether the deadline is reasonable; • 达标措施是否能够保证方案目标的实现； Whether measures could guarantee targets be achieved; • 重点措施、任务与工程是否落实到位； Whether key measures, tasks and projects could be carried out; • 年度计划是否合理； Whether the annual plan is reasonable; • 保障措施是否得力; Whether the security measures is practicable;

15. 部门和年度：将达标方案的工作重点任务、措施与工程逐条分解落实到相关部门；部门和年度：将达标方案的工作重点任务、措施与工程逐条分解落实到相关部门； Decompose targets, measures and projects into relevant department; • 专家委员会：承担达标方案编制的技术指导和技术评估； Expert committee guidance and evaluate the compliance program; • 自查机制：市人民政府应及时检查方案执行情况，并解决出现的问题； Self-examination: Local government should check the implementation of compliance program in time, and settle the issues; • 检查和考核：考核结果将会每年向社会公布；Assessment: the assessment results would be published to the public.

16. 第四章 保障机制Chapter 4 Security mechanism

17. 第五章支撑体系Chapter 5 Supporting system

18. 第六章改善空气质量的途径Chapter 6 Approaches to improve air quality

19. 第七章报告、评估和考核Chapter 7 Reporting, evaluation and assessment

20. 城市空气质量管理创新和突破Innovation and breakthrough in urban air quality management • 分类指导：国家标准、宏观策略一般性原则的基础上，对达标和不达标及不同地域城市给予区别对待的差别指导。 Classification guidance: based on national standard and macro strategy, provide classification guidance according to attainment cities, non-attainment cities and different region. • 分级管理：重点城市和一般城市。 Hierarchical management： Key cities and normal cities. • 管理思路应注重污染物减排与空气质量改善并重。 Undertake both emission reduction and air quality improvement as significant index.

21. 空气质量管理实现：“源-政策-行动-评估-调整”的全过程管理; Air quality management achieve whole process management: source-policy-action-assess-adjustment; • 达标期限：允许不同的达标期限; Deadline: allow different deadline; • 考核重点：重过程和行动; Examination emphasize on process and actions; • 评价：考虑监测点位代表的面积和暴露人口数量。Assessment consider the area and population represented by the monitor site; • 落实责任：多部门协同、协调; Decompose responsibility: coordination among different departments; • 发挥公众参与的作用：信息公开。 Public participation: Information disclosure

22. Thanks for your attention Thanks for the guidance of MEP, thanks for the support of CRAES