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Punctuation and Sentence Stucture

Punctuation and Sentence Stucture. (Analysis questions). Basic Punctuation 38-43 of the BrightRED N5 English Study Guide - Be prepared to discuss the effect of basic punctuation marks on a sentence.

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Punctuation and Sentence Stucture

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  1. Punctuation and Sentence Stucture (Analysis questions)

  2. Basic Punctuation38-43 of the BrightRED N5 English Study Guide- Be prepared to discuss the effect of basic punctuation marks on a sentence. • Full stop (.) - Its position indicates the completion of a sentence. The position of the full stop in a paragraph determines whether we are dealing with long or short sentences. • Comma (,) - Usually used to separate brief items in a list. Used before and after a phrase, commas are said to be used as parenthesis markers. See also pairs of dashes and brackets below.

  3. Basic punctuation • Semi-colon (;) • separates larger items in a list • Can indicate a turning point in a balanced sentence • Joins two linked sentences (like ‘and’) • Colon (:) • indicates that an explanation is to follow. • Introduces quotation or list.

  4. Parenthesis • Dashes and brackets (--) • Pairs of • dashes • Brackets • commas • Used on either side of a phrase - 'her mother's cousin' • An individual dash - to add emphasis or importance to a word or phrase following it. • Dash can introduce a list or idea (like a colon)

  5. Ellipsis… ... • used mid-sentence to suggest an interruption, hesitation or indecision • at the end of the sentence - can suggest anticipation or suspense.

  6. Basic Punctuation • Exclamation mark (!) - Usually used to indicate strong emotion on the part of the writer: often surprise, excitement or anger. • Question mark (?) - indicates a question • May be a structuring device for a section of an article • - i.e. the writer asks a question and then answers it in the following paragraph. • A series of questions may indicate writer's confusion or bewilderment. • May indicate a rhetorical question (invites readers to share the writer's views)

  7. Common aspects of sentence structure you should try to spot: • Long sentences • Short sentences • Lists • Minor sentences (without verbs) • Inverted (backwards) word order • Repetition • Balanced sentences • Rhetorical question • Parallel structures

  8. Sentence structure – common types • Long sentences: to suggest sheer length of something, a route of a river or road, for example, or the complexity of a process, or the boredom of something dragging on and on. • Short sentences: to intensify impact/drama of what is being said. A brief remark in a sentence of its own gains greatly in dramatic effect. • A list: to underline/emphasise/highlight sheer number of items, actions or people being described.

  9. Sentence structure – common types • Sentences without verbs - minor sentences: Sometimes they create a chatty, informal effect or they can add dramatic impact. • Inverted word order: places important words first to emphasise/highlight/underline a certain element in sentence. • Repetition: repeated words/phrases to underline/intensify the idea the writer is seeking to emphasise

  10. Sentence structure – common types • Balanced sentences: emphasise a contrast • They are recognisable by the semi-colon (;) that acts as a pivot, or balancing point, in the middle of the sentence. • Rhetorical question: questions that require no direct answer. Enlists reader's support for writer's views. • Parallel structures: These are patterns of either phrases or words which give a pleasing predictability and rhythm to the sentence. The effect is to add emphasis to what is being said.

  11. Punctuation and Sentence Stucture Combined • It is difficult to draw a hard line between sentence structure and punctuation. • the fact that mention of a feature of one might lead you into a discussion of the other. • There is a limited number of possibilities in answers of this type – so revise them!

  12. ‘Comment on the writer's language’ • Can mean: • Imagery • Sentence structure /punctuation • Tone • Word choice

  13. Read comment / opinion articles TASK: • Find and read an article from the ‘comment’ or ‘opinion’ section of a newspaper: • Herald • Scotsman • Times • Telegraph • Independent • Guardian • BBC News • Analyse the punctuation and sentence structure used throughout the piece. • Highlight the relevant features as you go

  14. Recap – sentence structure / punctuation • Know the function of the various punctuation marks • Know the main types of sentence structure. • Be able to comment on feature’s effect on the reader.

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