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The Milky Way

The Milky Way. Lancelot L. Kao (Updated: Jan 18, 2010). Outline. Historical Notes Structures of the Milky Way bulge, disk, & halo dark matter halo spiral density waves Sgr A – the Galactic Center Stellar & ISM Contents Population I, II, & III stars open & globular clusters ISM.

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The Milky Way

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  1. The Milky Way Lancelot L. Kao (Updated: Jan 18, 2010)

  2. Outline • Historical Notes • Structures of the Milky Way • bulge, disk, & halo • dark matter halo • spiral density waves • Sgr A – the Galactic Center • Stellar & ISM Contents • Population I, II, & III stars • open & globular clusters • ISM

  3. Historical Notes Heber Curtis Harlow Shapley William Herschel Annie Cannon Jacobus Kapteyn Henrietta Leavitt

  4. Structures of the Milky Way

  5. Structures of the Milky Way Globular Cluster Period-Luminosity Relation

  6. Structures of the Milky Way

  7. Structures of the Milky Way Edge-On View Face-On View

  8. Milky Way by Axel Mellinger Axel Mellinger (2009). PASP 121, 1180-1187. http://home.arcor.de/axel.mellinger/

  9. Visualization by: Robert Hurt, IPAC & Mark Reid, CfA (2009)

  10. Stream from LMC & SMC David L. Nidever et al 2008 ApJ679 432-459

  11. Structures of the Milky Way • S is the location of the Solar System • 1,2,3,& 4 have different Doppler Shifts from the 21 cm radio waves • 1,2,3,& 4 have different “brightness” from the 21 cm radio waves

  12. Structures of the Milky Way Rotational Curve of the Milky Way

  13. Structures of the Milky Way

  14. The Galactic Center

  15. The Galactic Center • The 1st image from the left is about 80 pc across; the 2nd image is about 10 pc across; the 3rd image is about is less than 0.5 pc across; and the small yellow ellipse region is less than 1,000 AU. • The estimate mass of the black hole is 3.7 million solar masses (Genzel, et al., 2003, Nature, 425, 934; Ghez, et al., 2003, ApJL, 586, L127)

  16. The Galactic Center

  17. The Galactic Center

  18. Stellar & ISM Contents

  19. Stellar & ISM Contents • Population I • metal-rich stars • disk • Population II • metal-poor stars • bulge & halo • Population III • extremely metal-poor stars • 1st generation of stars • Open Star Clusters & Associations • blue & hot stars • disk • few hundreds, loosely pack within few hundred parsecs • Globular Clusters • yellow stars • disk & halo • few thousands and up, tightly pack, less than 50 pc • Interstellar Medium • gas & dust

  20. Star-Gas-Star Cycle • Interstellar Medium (ISM) • Neutral Hydrogen (H I regions) • Hot Ionized Hydrogen (H II regions) • Giant Molecular Clouds (GMC) • Nebulae • Absorption • Reflection • emission • Re-cycle Processes • Global Gas Distribution

  21. Star-Gas-Star Cycle

  22. Star Formation Region Absorption/dark nebula Reflection nebula Emission nebula

  23. Emission Nebula

  24. Re-cycle Process Supernova Planetary Nebula Process

  25. Superbubble Formation

  26. Superbubble Formation

  27. Kinematics

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