Framework

1. Regional Plan for the Reduction by 20% by 2007 of the generation of hazardous wastes from industrial installations in the MAP countries HW Regional Plan

2. Framework Strategic Action Programme for the Mediterranean Sea (SAP) MAP Draft Regional Plan for the Management of Hazardous Wastes Regional Plan for the Reduction by 20% by 2007 of the generation of HW Will facilitate implementation of: Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities (LBS Protocol) Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Izmir Protocol) HW Regional Plan

3. Objectives • To analyse the status and trends of: hazardous waste generation, legal and management framework and waste minimization practices in the MAP countries • To identify the priority flows of hazardous wastes to be reduced • To propose a set of actions to be undertaken at regional and national level HW Regional Plan

4. Scope • Geographic scope: countries integrated into the MAP • Hazardous wastes: only industrial sources • Types of hazardous wastes: Classification of Izmir Protocol (Y-Codes) + European Waste Catalogue (EWC) • Reduction of hazardous wastes: only waste minimization actions (reduction at source and internal recycling) HW Regional Plan

5. Methodology HW Regional Plan

6. General principles • Pollution prevention: integrated pollution prevention control of activities + integrated product policy + adoption of cleaner production • Ranking waste management options: minimization as the priority option in the waste management hierarchy • Protection of the environment and human health: special attention to prevent pollution of the marine environment and transboundary effects • Generator’s responsibility: polluter’s pay mechanisms • Regional collaboration: collection of data and exchange of information • Integration: to co-ordinate efforts at regional and national level HW Regional Plan

7. Status & Trends: total HW generation (I) • Estimation from several sources of information (questionnaires to NFP, Regional Inventory, national sources,…) • Estimated total amount of HW generated: 20 millions of tonnes / y • Average Waste Generation Factor: 13.04 ± 9.43 tonnes HW / million € of industrial GDP • Key contributors: European Mediterranean countries HW Regional Plan

8. S&T: total HW generation (II) HW Regional Plan

9. S&T: types of HW generated • Source of data: questionnaires to National Focal Points • Classification of HW types: Y-Codes + EWC • Available HW generation data from questionnaires: ~ 11Mt/y (~57% of total estimated generation) • Main types of wastes: • Mining wastes (18.6%) [not representative of the Region] • Wastes from organic chemical processes (11.5%) • Waste mineral oils (10.3%) • Waste from surface treatment (9.58%) • Wastes from thermal processes (9.33%) HW Regional Plan

10. S&T: industrial sectors generating HW (I) • Source of data: questionnaires to National Focal Points • Classification of industrial sectors: Strategic Action Programme • Available HW generation data from questionnaires: ~ 10.7Mt/y (~55% of total estimated generation) • Main industrial sectors generating HW: • Metal industry (24.4%) • Mining (20.5%) • Oil refining (13.6%) • Organic Chemical industry (12.8%) • Treatment and disposal of HW (4.6%) HW Regional Plan

11. S&T: industrial sectors generating HW (II) HW Regional Plan

12. S&T: environmental impact of HW • Source of data: questionnaires to National Focal Points • Main industrial sectors accounting for environmental impact: • Metal industry • Inorganic chemical industry • Oil refining • Causes of environmental impact: • Hazardousness of wastes (pharmaceutical, chemical and metal industry) • Generation of large amount of HW (oil refining, agro-food industry) • Lack of proper management [specially in Southern countries] (textile industry, metal industry) HW Regional Plan

13. S&T: HW impact on the Mediterranean Sea • Source of data: questionnaires to National Focal Points • Main industrial sectors impacting on the Mediterranean Sea: • Textile industry • Metal industry • Oil refining • Main causes of impact: • Concentration on the coastal zone [particularly in Southern countries] (oil refining, chemical industry) • Discharge activities, direct or to river basin (textile industry, metal industry) HW Regional Plan

14. S&T: legal and management framework • Half the countries of the Region are still developing their industrial and hazardous waste and management framework - Hazardous Waste National Plans have not been established • The Northern western countries of the region, have stricter legal and management frameworks to prevent pollution on the Mediterranean environment • In general, all the countries are adopting a waste hierarchy that gives major priority to prevention of the generation of wastes, in their legal and management framework HW Regional Plan

15. S&T: waste minimization practices • About 40% of the countries have incorporated plans or targets related to waste minimization in their legal and management framework • In spite of differences among countries, there are some recurrent industrial activities in which different countries are taking measures, such as the chemical, metal, cement and oil refining • Instruments are diverse but the following have been repeatedly reported: process optimisation, good housekeeping practices, product re-design and on-site recycling HW Regional Plan

16. Priority flows of hazardous wastes (I) • Approach: priorities identified on a national basis, but integrated at regional level • Criteria used to identify priority industrial sectors: • Total amount of HW generated • Environmental impact of the industrial sector due to HW generation • Impact of the industrial sector on the Mediterranean Sea • Growth prospect • Industrial sectors more commonly identified as top priority ones: • Metal industry (in 14 of the 16 countries analyzed) • Inorganic chemical industry (in 9 countries) • Oil refining (in 8 countries) • Organic chemical industry (in 6 countries) HW Regional Plan

17. Priority flows of hazardous wastes (II) • Criteria used to identify priority types of wastes : • Total amount generated of each type of waste • Types of wastes more commonly identified as top priority ones: • Waste mineral oils (in 9 of the 16 countries analyzed) • Waste from surface treatment (in 7 countries) • Waste tarry residues from oil refining (in 6 countries) • Waste from thermal processes (in 5 countries) • General trends: • Wastes generally occurring in a variety of sectors (waste mineral oils) • Wastes from sectors generating large amounts of HW: metal industry (surface treatment, thermal processes,…), oil refining (waste tarry), and chemical industry (inks and dyes, acidic solutions, organic solvents…) HW Regional Plan

18. Options to reduce HW generation • Analysis of available waste minimization options and successful case studies for priority industrial sectors and types of wastes: • Metal industry • Chemical industry • Oil refining • Waste mineral oils • Other industrial sectors • Options identified can lead to significant reductions on HW generation • Potential reductions need to be further analyzed on a national basis, taking into account technological, economic, and legal considerations HW Regional Plan

19. Proposals: approach • To reduce 20% of currentnational Waste Generator Factors (tonnes of HW per unit of industrial activity) by 2007 • To achieve an overall target reduction of 20% through an equal allocation of the target among MAP countries • To include the reduction targets into National Plans, which will be elaborated in each MAP country HW Regional Plan

20. Proposals: actions at regional level • To establish a coordinating unit to promote the required actions and follow-up the development of the Regional Plan • Assistance to countries in the development of national legal and management frameworks • Development of sectorial waste minimization studies • Technical capacity building and dissemination • Follow-up of the implementation of the Plan and final overall review, to check reductions in emission factors HW Regional Plan

21. Proposals: actions at national level • Development of a National Diagnosis, to better determine the waste generation factor and priority flows of hazardous waste to be reduced • Ensuring the development of a national strategy for hazardous waste management, that takes into account hazardous waste minimization • Development of National Plans, taking into account social, technological and economic concerns, and incorporating the target to reduce 20% of the national waste generation factor • Establishment and promotion of a set of mechanisms to encourage the adoption of cleaner production actions leading to reduction of hazardous wastes: capacity building and dissemination, voluntary agreements, hazardous waste minimization plans, integrated pollution prevention control, economic instruments, etc. HW Regional Plan