Symbolists

1. Symbolists PiorenceAbar YvezeeLapada LawrenzFortuno Emerald Rosales Period 3

2. SYMBOLIST MOVEMENT Literary and artistic movement that originated in the late 19th century THAT influenced the European and American literatures of the 20th century to express individual emotional experience through the subtle use of symbolized language.

3. Emerged in France, after Modernism and the Inds. Rev • Rejected Realism and Naturalism. Favored spirituality, imagination, and dreams. • Belief that literature and art should represent absolute truths indirectly. (Symbolists wrote in a very metaphorical and suggestive manner, giving objects symbolic meanings.) • “Fin de siècle” French for “end of the century”: closing of an era, hope for a new beg. • influenced twentieth-century literature, bridging the transition from Realism to Modernism. • Notable Authors: Arthur Symons, T.S. Eliot, W.B. Yeats, and Oscar Wilde Symbolists Movement

4. Free Verse. (wished to liberate techniques of versification in order to allow greater room for "fluidity”) • Symbolism. (evoked, rather than directly describe) • Clear imagery (detailed diction) • Metaphor • Rhyme Poetic Techniques

5. Born at Westland Row, Dublin; now known as the “Oscar Wilde Centre) Second child of three. Mother, Jane Francesca Wilde, was a Irish nationalist. Father, William Wilde was a oto-ophthalmologic surgeon and medical advisor. Attended Trinity College, Dublin where he sparked an interest in Greek literature. Moved to Oxford, met John Ruskin and Walter Pater (social theorists and renaissance men) and shared aesthetic and decadent philosophies. Rejected moral and social function for art; Reacting against realism and naturalism, symbolists sought pure beauty that was removed from nature and from the dullness of contemporary society. Married Constance Lloyd, had two sons but later experimented with homosexuality. Married Lord Alfred Douglas, spilt after a few months. Douglas’s father imprisoned Wilde for sodomy. Died in 1900 shortly after he was released. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) Notable Works: Salome (play), The Ballad of Reading Gaol, De Produndis, The importance of being Earnest, The picture of Dorian gray, An ideal Husband, Lady Windermere's Fan

6. Tread lightly, she is near Under the snow, Speak gently, she can hear The daisies grow. All her bright golden hair Tarnished with rust, She that was young and fair Fallen to dust. Lily-like, white as snow, She hardly knew She was a woman, so Sweetly she grew. Coffin-board, heavy stone, Lie on her breast, I vex my heart alone, She is at rest. Peace, peace, she cannot hear Lyre or sonnet, All my life's buried here, Heap earth upon it. REQUIESCAT

7. Rhyme (“she is near” and “she can hear“. "tread lightly" and “speak gently”) • Subtle (“she was young and fair, fallen to dust”) • Imagery (her “golden hair”, and “Lilly-like, white as snow”) • Tone (“Coffin-board, heavy stone” but then admits that “she is at rest”) Analysis: “Requiescat”

8. Born in Wales: February 28 1865 –January 22 1945 • Constantly moving through out his child hood • Educated privately, spending most of his time in France and Italy • Wrote for many magazines starting at only 17. • Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine • The Athenaeum • The Savoy Arthur Symons Notable works: “Silhouettes” “London Nights” “Amoris Victima” “Images of Good and Evil”

9. Stanza one: Imagery “feverish room” and “white bed” “tumbled skirts upon a chair” Stanza two: Personification “the mirror that sucks your face” Stanza Three: “Slant eyes” “with eyes that, having not slept, ache” Stanza Four: Extended Metaphor revealed “ is scented with White Heliotrope” “a ghost of memory” (regular metaphor) Format = a quatrain “White Heliotrope” By Arthur Symons The feverish room and that white bed, The tumbled skirts upon a chair,    The novel flung half-open where Hat, hair-pins, puffs, and paints, are spread; The mirror that has sucked your face Into its secret deep of deeps, And there mysteriously keeps Forgotten memories of grace; And you, half dressed and half awake, Your slant eyes strangely watching me, And I, who watch you drowsily, With eyes that, having slept not, ache; This (need one dread? nay, dare one hope?) Will rise, a ghost of memory, if Ever again my handkerchief Is scented with White Heliotrope. Meaning: Having an affair with this girl is beautiful but dangerous She is not as innocent and pure as she looks Analysis: “White Heliotrope”

10. T.s. ELiot • Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888 – 1965) • Attended Harvard University • Began working in London as a Teacher after his marriage in 1915. • Ezra Pound helped Eliot’s poetry to become well-known. • His poems articulated the disillusionment of a younger post-WWI generation with the literary and social values . • Notable Works • “The Love Song of J.AlfredPrufrock” (1915) • The Waste Land (1922) • Ash Wednesday (1930)

11. La FigliaChePiange means “the weeping girl”. • First Stanza describes a girl’s gesture and pose. • Second Stanza describes the boy’s trouble of dealing with the break up and dealing with his “ex”’s emotion and feelings, • Third Stanza describes the narrator’s contemplation after the break up. • T.S. Eliot uses simile in “simple and faithless as a smile and shake of a hand” indicating that problems can be solved easily, but it is not. • He also uses personification in “as the soul leaves the body torn and bruised, as the mind deserts…” to emphasize the pain. Analysis: La ChePiange

12. William Butler Yeats (1865 – 1939) • Irish poet and playwright • One of the most prominent figures of 20th century literature • First Irishman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for “inspired poetry” • Attended the Metropolitan School of Art • Very poor speller while in grade school • NOTABLE WORKS • “The Tower (1928)” • “The Winding Stair and Other Poems” (1929) • “Men Improve with the Years” W.B. Yeats

13. Utilizes: • Allusion • “Triton” = son of Poseidon • Tone of misery and loneliness • “worn out with dreams”, “all day long”, • Extended metaphor • “marble triton Among the streams” Analysis: Men Improve with the Years

14. Write an essay in which you discuss how Yeats’ diction reveals his attitude towards aging in “Men Improve with the Years.” • Read the two poems carefully. Then, write a well-organized essay in which you compare and contrast the literary devices used in “Requiescat” and “White Heliotrope.” • Write a well-organized essay in which you analyze the effectiveness of the literary devices used in “La Figlia Che Piange.” AP Style Prompts

15. Stéphane MALLARME   (1842-1898) Le vierge, le vivace et le belaujourd'hui ... Le vierge, le vivace et le belaujourd'huiVa-t-il nous déchirer avec un coup d'aileivreCelacduroubliéquehantesous le givreLe transparent glacier des vols qui n'ont pas fui !Un cygned'autrefois se souvientquec'estluiMagnifiquemais qui sans espoir se délivrePour n'avoir pas chanté la régionoù vivreQuand du stérile hiver a resplendil'ennui.Tout son colsecoueracette blanche agoniePar l'espaceinfligée à l'oiseau qui le nie,Mais non l'horreur du sol où le plumage estpris.Fantômequ'àce lieu son pur éclat assigne,Il s'immobilise au songefroid de méprisQuevêtparmil'exil inutile le Cygne. Interactive Poem

16. Stéphane MALLARME   (1842-1898) Le vierge, le vivace et le belaujourd'hui ... The virginal, living and lovely day Will it fracture for us with a wild wing-blow This solid lost lake whose frost’s haunted below By the glacier, transparent with flights not made? A swan from time past remembers it’s he Magnificent yet struggling hopelessly Through not having sung a liveable country From the radiant boredom of winter’s sterility. His neck will shake off this whitest agony Space inflicts on a bird that denies it wholly, But not earth’s horror that entraps his feathers. Phantom assigned to this place by his brilliance, The Swan in his exile is rendered motionless, Swathed uselessly by his cold dream of defiance. Interactive Poem

17. Quiz

18. http://www.poems-and-poetry.com/biographies/arthur-symons-biographyhttp://www.poems-and-poetry.com/biographies/arthur-symons-biography • http://www.textetc.com/workshop/wt-mallarme-1.html • <http://www.nthuleen.com/papers/947paper.html> • <http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets.htm> • <http://www.poets.org> • http://www.poetryguidance.edu/interactive_poems/Wilde> • http://www.poetry-archive.com/y/men_improve_with_the_years.html Resources