Exploring the Teaching Profession: Schooling vs. Education

1. Welcome to... The Teaching Profession

2. Objectives • Discuss Schooling vs. Education • Discuss the Art & Science of Teaching • Discuss Teaching as a Profession • Identify and Describe Professional Organizations • Identify and Describe the Characteristics of Effective Teachers • List the Principles of Teaching & Learning

3. What is Education? How is that different from Schooling?

4. ed-u-ca-tion [ej-oo-key-shun]noun 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession. 3. a degree, level, or kind of schooling: a university education. 4. the result produced by instruction, training, or study: to show one's education. 5. the science or art of teaching; pedagogies.

5. school-ing [skoo-ling] noun 1. the process of being taught in a school. 2. instruction, education, or training, especially when received in a school. 3. the act of teaching. 4. Archaic . a reprimand.

6. The Purpose of Education Education is: • an adventure of the self – of private purpose and experience. Schooling is: • A sociopolitical invention that seeks to design a context or contexts for shaping many “self’s” • Children can become educated without schools. • From John I Goodlad, 1997.

7. The Purpose of Education For schooling: • education should be guided and conducted to advance not just the maturation of self, but also some public need or good. • The definition of public need or good varies widely from society to society. • “Don’t let schooling get in the way of your education”. Mark Twain.

8. The Purpose of Education • Transmit Culture • Self Discipline • Teach Values • Teach About Life • Teach How to Learn “Give children a desire to learn and to teach them how to use their minds and where to go to acquire facts when their curiosity is aroused.” ~Elanor Roosevelt

9. Is teaching an art or a science?

10. Teaching is a science • Study and explanation of learning • Systematic process • Body of knowledge • An applied science based on research • Methods of teaching and the learning environment can be organized on a scientific or objective basis - Good plans, good tests, organized presentations

11. Teaching is an art • Artistic process achieving an end product • Imagination, intuition, skill • Category of artistic activity • Improv, performance art, dynamic, unique, what, how, & when, to do • Trade and a craft • The practice of your trade, is indeed an artistic process, extreme multi-tasking • Skills depend greatly upon personality variables - Enthusiasm, caring, helpful

12. A vision and a reality • Teaching is the most difficult of all arts and the profoundest of all sciences.” • Horace Mann • Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught. • Oscar Wilde • What does education often do? It makes a straight-cut ditch of a free, meandering brook. • Henry David Thoreau

13. Is Teaching a Profession?

14. Four Characteristics of a Profession • Defined body of knowledge beyond the grasp of the public • Control over licensing, certification, and entry requirements • Autonomy in making decisions • High prestige and economic status. • From: O. Stein, 1981.

15. Teaching as a Profession Doctors & Lawyers argue that a profession involves… • Lifelong career commitment • Social service • Intellectual technique • Code of ethics • Independent judgment relative to professional performance Does it possess a specialized body of knowledge?

16. I am a teacher . . . • I am a/an _______ educator by choice and not by chance. • I believe in American _______; I dedicate my life to its development and the advancement of its people. • I will strive to set before my students by my deeds and actions the highest standards of citizenship for the community, state and nation. • I will endeavor to develop professionallythrough study, travel and exploration.

17. I am a teacher (continued) • I will not knowingly wrong my fellow teachers.  I will defend them as far as honesty will permit. • I will work for the advancement of _______ education and I will defend it in my community, state and nation. • I realize that I am a part of the public school system.  I will work in harmony with school authorities and other teachers of the school. • My love for youth will spur me on to impart something from my life that will help make for each of my students a full and happy future.

18. Educational Organizations • Professional Organizations (ACTE, NAAE) • Develop in-service for teachers • Represent members politically • Provide teacher resources (journals, supplies) • Insurance • Teacher Unions (NEA, AFT) • Professional in-service • Collective Bargaining • Insurance • Trade organizations • Specific to technical areas (e.g., NCBA, AWS, etc.)

19. Professional Organizations

20. Professional Organizations ACTE's 12 Divisions • The association is organized into 12 divisions, each of which represents a specific segment of career and technical education professionals. Each division is represented on ACTE's board of directors by an elected vice president. ACTE members may designate one division as part of their yearly dues; additional division memberships are $10 each per year. • Administration • Adult Workforce Development • Agricultural Education • Business Education • Family and Consumer Sciences Education • Guidance • Health Occupations Education • Marketing Education • New and Related Services • Special Needs • Technology Education • Trade and Industrial Education

21. Why Should I Join? • Professionalism • To receive in-service • Professionalism • To support CTE politically • Professionalism • To foster fellowship within the CTE teachers • Professionalism • To improve my students’ career and technical education • Teacher conferences are a LOT of fun!

22. Benefits of Joining • Techniques magazine - • Quality networking and professional development • Legislative updates • Cutting edge CTE news • Career advancement • $25,000 policy for common carrier accidental death and dismemberment insurance within the first year of annual membership • Discounts on books, activities, etc. available through association • Retirement plans

23. Utah Association for Career and Technical Education • http://www.uacte.org/membership.html

24. Teacher Unions

25. Teacher Unions • What is the National Education Association? • Nation's leading organization committed to advancing the cause of public education. • NEA has 2.7 million members • NEA has affiliates in every state • Founded in 1857 "to elevate the character and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of popular education in the United States,” • To fulfill the promise of a democratic society, the National Education Association shall promote the cause of quality public education and advance the profession of education; expand the rights and further the interest of educational employees; and advocate human, civil, and economic rights for all.

26. Educational Organizations American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO The mission of the American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, is to improve the lives of our members and their families, to give voice to their legitimate professional, economic and social aspirations, to strengthen the institutions in which we work, to improve the quality of the services we provide, to bring together all members to assist and support one another and to promote democracy, human rights and freedom in our union, in our nation and throughout the world. The AFT has always counted notable figures among its members, John Dewey held AFT card number one.  Other AFT luminaries include Albert Einstein, Hubert Humphrey and Frank McCourt.

27. Characteristics of Effective Teachers!! I want to be an Effective Teacher

28. Is it possible to measure “effective teaching’? YES!

29. Measures of “effective teaching”? • Student Learning • Gain in student knowledge is the best indicator of teaching effectiveness

30. Being an Effective Teacher! • Research on Teacher Effectiveness consistently finds 5 variables that are highly correlated with student learning • Clarity • Variability • Enthusiasm • Task-Oriented & Businesslike Behaviors • Opportunity to Learn Criterion Material (Objectives) Rosenshien & Furst (1971)

31. Clarity • Organization of the content • Concepts & content clearly explained • Gives multiple examples • Points out practical application • Repeats difficult ideas • Assignments & directions are clear

32. Variability • Instructional approaches and methods • Instructional materials • Visuals • Learning activities and engagement • Types of assessment

33. Enthusiasm • Movement, Gestures & Voice • Shows facial expression • Uses humor *caution* • Questioning techniques • Interaction & Engagement

34. Task-oriented & Business Like Behaviors • Objectives • Concerned with learning • Encourages hard and creative work • Organization from syllabus on first day, to objectives of daily lesson, to assessment • Timing & pacing

35. Opportunity to Learn Criterion Material (Objectives) • Teach to established objectives • Relationship between objectives, instruction and assessment

36. Respect & Rapport

37. Principles of Learning & Teaching • Subject matter must possess meaning, organization, & structure • Readiness is a prerequisite for learning, begin at the students level • Students must be motivated to learn • Students will rise to the level of expectation

38. Principles of Learning & Teaching • Success is a motivating source. • Students must be provided with their learning progress. • Reinforced behaviors are more likely to be learned. • Directed learning is more effective than undirected learning.

39. Principles of Learning & Teaching • Students should “Inquire into” vs. being “instructed in” the subject matter. • Students learn what they practice and apply – in a supervised educational setting.