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Unit 1: Biology Review FLASHCARDS

Unit 1: Biology Review FLASHCARDS. What is an enzyme?. Type of protein. Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction. Decreases Energy of Activation. What are the 6 biological elements?. C H O N P S. What are the 4 types of biomolecules?. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids.

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Unit 1: Biology Review FLASHCARDS

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  1. Unit 1: Biology Review FLASHCARDS

  2. What is an enzyme? • Type of protein. • Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction. • Decreases Energy of Activation.

  3. What are the 6 biological elements? • C • H • O • N • P • S

  4. What are the 4 types of biomolecules? • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  5. What is the function of carbohydrates? • Short Term Energy storage

  6. What is the function of nucleic acids? • Store and transmit genetic information.

  7. What are some examples of carbohydrates? • Fruit • Grains • Glucose and Fructose • Cellulose and Starch • Sugars in general…

  8. What are phospholipids? • Type of lipids • Main biomolecule in cell membranes

  9. What is the function of protein? • Catalyzes chemical reactions. • Provides cell structure.

  10. What is the function of lipids? • Long Term Energy storage • Cell Membranes • Chemical messaging

  11. What is the monomer of carbohydrates? • Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

  12. What is the monomer of nucleic acids? • Nucleotide

  13. What is the monomer of lipids? • Fatty Acids • Glycerol

  14. What is the monomer of proteins? • Amino Acids

  15. What is hydrolysis? • Chemical Reaction • Water Added • Break down large molecules

  16. What is dehydration? • Chemical Reaction • Remove Water • Build larger molecules

  17. What is hemoglobin? • Type of protein • Contains Iron • Binds with oxygen in blood

  18. What does it mean to be “polar”? • Uneven distribution of electrons across the surface of a molecule. • Water = Polar • Head of phospholipids = Polar

  19. Describe the charge distribution of water molecules: • Hydrogen = slightly positive • Oxygen = slightly negative

  20. What is a valence electron? • Outermost electron of atom • Forms bonds

  21. What is ATP? • Adenosine Triphosphate • Energy storing molecule

  22. How does ATP store energy? • Phosphate bonds • Add a Phosphate = Store Energy

  23. How can energy be released from ATP? • Removal of a phosphate • ATP  ADP

  24. What is homeostasis? • Maintenance of internal stability • Maintaining internal conditions

  25. What is the nucleus? • Cell organelle • Stores DNA • “Control Center” • Contains info needed to make proteins

  26. What’s found in the nucleus? • DNA • Chromatin • Chromosomes • Nucleolus

  27. What do mitochondria do? • Cellular Respiration • Release stored energy from carbohydrates

  28. What is the function of the cell membrane? • Protect the cell • Maintain what enters and exits

  29. What is diffusion? • The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration.

  30. What is equilibrium? • “Same” on “both sides”

  31. What is active transport? • Movement of particles against a concentration gradient. • ENERGY NEEDED!

  32. What is osmosis? • The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. • High to Low water concentration.

  33. What will happen to a salt-water cell placed in fresh-water? • It will burst • Water will rush in • High  Low

  34. What are ribosomes? • Cell organelles • Make protein

  35. What is an acid? • Molecule which dissociates in water • Releases Hydrogen Ions

  36. What is a base? • Molecule which dissociates in water • Releases Hydroxide Ions

  37. How does your blood maintain pH? • Bicarbonate / Carbonate Buffer • Too Acidic  Carbonate binds with H+  Bicarbonate • Too Basic  Bicarbonate releases H+  Carbonate

  38. How is matter related to all living systems? • All living systems are made of matter • All living systems cycle and transfer matter

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