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Evaporative Emissions from Small Engines

This document discusses the potential transition to ethanol-containing fuel for controlling evaporative emissions from small engines, along with test procedures and permeation requirements. It covers durability demonstrations, performance standards, and testing results.

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Evaporative Emissions from Small Engines

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  1. Evaporative Emissionsfrom Small Engines Harold Haskew July 2, 2003

  2. Ethanol Fuel? • The test and certification procedures specify today’s automotive emission test fuel – no ethanol is allowed • Is it your intent to update the fuel to an ethanol-containing fuel in the future? From Evaporative Emissions from Off-Road Equipment (June 22, 2001)

  3. Permeation Requirements:a Changing Target • 2001-02 - Discussions indicating 3.0 g/M2/day (Variable Temp Test 65/105F) • 8/22/01 Harold Haskew • 8/02 Ron Sahu • 10/4/02 Ron Sahu • 11-13-02 Workshop - “1.0 g/M2/day for all … Equipment” (Variable Temperature Test 65/105F) • 12-18-02 (TP-901) - 40ºC Constant Temp Permeation (Doubles the stringency – but HH Only)

  4. 30 Day minimum Soak @ 72°F 65/105F CARB Diurnal Nylon Sulfonation

  5. Non Hand-Held Equipment • The earlier test procedures required Class 1 WBMs to pass a performance VT-SHED test (1.0 g/day), or a “Design Standard”, and have fuel tank permeation performance limit of 1.0 g/M2/day (65/105F Cycle) • The April 03 changes removed: 1) the “Design Standard” option for NHH equipment, and 2) the separate tank permeation requirement. • All Class 1 NHH equipment must now meet a 1.0 g/day VT-SHED performance standard.

  6. Durability Demonstration(TP-902 4/29/03) • 500 hours of direct sunlight exposure on the Cap and Tank • 3000 Pressure/vacuum cycles on the Tank (4 to -1 psig) • 5000 cycles on the valves, cables, and linkages • 1 million “slosh” cycles • If canister equipped, the canister must see: • Suitable fuel vapor cycling • 100 temperature cycles • 10 million vibration cycles at 60 hertz

  7. NHH Performance Requirement(TP-902 4/23/03) • Perform Durability Demonstration • Fill with Fuel and Operate for 5 minutes • Soak the tank and components for 140 or more days at 20-40C • Drain and fill to 50% with CA Phase 2 Test Fuel • Purge Carbon Canister (if so equipped) • Operate engine for 15 minutes • One hour hot soak • Soak at 65F for 2 hours • One 65-105-65F Diurnal Cycle in VT-SHED

  8. CARB’s Benchmarks(None meet the Current Procedures) • 6 Mowers with Phase 4 control systems (Avg = 0.89 g) April 25, 2002 Workshop (WBM-TestResults.xls) • ATL Tests on Mower 03 with Phase 4 controls (1.23 g) (preliminary-data-tables.xls) • WBM with Tank Pressure Relief Valves (1.07g @ 4 psi) (Report dated Sept 17, 2002) • Class 2 Equipment with Carbon Canister (Metal 6 gal Tank) (Report dated March 25, 2003)

  9. Summary • Evaporative control can be accomplished, given time, talent and resources for development, and a receptive market for the resulting product. • We are not aware of any data that exist today demonstrating that Class 1 or 2 equipment can comply with the proposed standards of 1.0 and 2.0 g/day.

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