Changes in British and American English After the Great Divide

1. Processes Part 3

2. WellsChapter 3 Middle English 1400 Wells 3.1 Residualisms "The Great Divide" 1600 Wells 3.2 British prestige innovations Wells 3.3 Some American innvoations Wells 3.4 Later British innvoations

3. ProcessesPart 3 • In Part 1 we looked at Residualisms, which leave scattered traces in modern dialects. • Part 2 dealt with more prominent processes. • In Part 3 we will begin looking at processs which occurred in Britain after the Atlantic Split (American vs. British English)

4. p .212 Those changes which occurred in British prestige English (RP) after the “great divide” p.242 Changes occurring in American English after the “great divide” which did not affect British English p 252 Later British non-prestige changes (not in RP)

5. Middle English Great Vowel Shift NG Coalescence Long Mid Mergers FOOT-STRUT Split Pre-Fric Lengthening Preview: Earlier changes Shakespeare British American R Dropping BATH-TRAP Split Loss of distinctive length LOT Unrounding Later Yod Dropping T-Voicing S. Hem British Front Vowel Raising H-Dropping T-Glotalling L-Vocalization

6. p .212 Those changes which occurred in British prestige English (RP) after the “great divide” p.242 Changes occurring in American English after the “great divide” which did not affect British English p 252 Later British non-prestige changes (not in RP)

7. - Loss of R p. 218

8. - Loss of R p. 218

9. - Loss of R p. 218

10. - Loss of R Wind back to p. 213: p. 215:

11. - Loss of R (resuming) p. 218

12. - Loss of R (resuming) p. 219

13. - Loss of R (resuming) p. 219 “Linking r”:

14. - Loss of R p. 218

15. - Loss of R p. 218

16. - Loss of R p. 218

17. - Loss of R p. 218

18. - Loss of R p.222

19. - Loss of R Linking R by R Dropping p.218 Linking R by R Insertion p.222

20. - Loss of R R Insertion Rule p.222

21. - Loss of R R Insertion Rule p.222

22. - Loss of R R Insertion Rule p.222

24. Include p.222 p.226

26. p.228

28. Hypercorrections: “warehouse” p.229

29. p.231 secretary necessary momentary category reformatory lavatory alimony ceremony matrimony Scarborough Edinbugh Peterborough Newbury Waterbury strawberry

30. p232 Recap from Residualisms: (BATH and CLOTH Lengthening) staff bath pass ask off cloth lost frost lexically inconsistent

31. p232 Recap from Residualisms: (BATH and CLOTH Lengthening) staff bath pass ask off cloth lost frost • After the “Great Divide”: • BATH Broadening • CLOTH Raising lexically inconsistent

32. LOSS OF PHONEMIC LENGTH in America BATH-TRAP Split established in England, disappears in America LOT-CLOTH Split has disappeared in England, retained in some E. Am. accents without length distinction

33. http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/87/VARS/trapbath.html

34. p. 237 Goat Fronting > Blocked by l in southern British dialects (not conservative RP) Also in America: PhiladelphSia, Pittsburgh, N.E. North Carolina (independent development?)

35. There'll be bluebirds over the white cliffs of Dover we'll meet again don't know where, don't know when tell the folks that I know that as you say we go I weas singing this song