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Exploring Tundra and Taiga Biomes: Plants, Animals, and Climate

Discover the unique ecosystems of the Tundra and Taiga biomes, from cold deserts to coniferous forests. Learn about plant life like lichens and shrubs, and animal species from caribou to wolverines that thrive in these environments.

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Exploring Tundra and Taiga Biomes: Plants, Animals, and Climate

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  1. Land Biomes

  2. Land Biomes Biome- geographic areas that have similar climates and ecosystems

  3. Land Biomes The 6 most common biomes are: • Tundra • Taiga • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Tropical Rain Forest • Grassland • Desert

  4. Land Biomes

  5. Tundra Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia

  6. Tundra – “The Cold Desert” • Found at latitudes around the North Pole • Less than 25 cm precipitation yearly • Very cold year round (-40ºC in winter) • Cold, dry, treeless region

  7. Tundra – “The Land of the Midnight Sun” • Winter lasts 6 to 9 months with no daylight • Summer is short and cold with 24 hours of sunlight a day

  8. Tundra- • Soil is poor • Permafrost • Layer of permanently frozen soil

  9. Plants of the Tundra Tundra plants are resistant to drought and cold Examples: • Reindeer moss (a lichen!) • Lichens • True mosses • Grasses • Small shrubs and flowers

  10. Plants of the Tundra • Reindeer moss – It’s a lichen!

  11. Plants of the Tundra • Lichens

  12. Plants of the Tundra • Lichen

  13. Plants of the Tundra • True Mosses

  14. Plants of the Tundra • Small shrubs and flowers

  15. Plants of the Tundra • Small shrubs and flowers

  16. Plants of the Tundra • Small shrubs and flowers

  17. Plants of the Tundra • Grasses

  18. Animals of the Tundra Many animals of the tundra migrate there during the short summer Examples: • Biting insects • Snowy owls • Arctic hares • Caribou • Musk oxen • Lemmings

  19. Animals of the Tundra • Biting insects Mosquito Blackfly

  20. Animals of the Tundra • Snowy owl

  21. Animals of the Tundra • Arctic hare

  22. Animals of the Tundra • Caribou – “Reindeer”

  23. Animals of the Tundra • Musk oxen

  24. Animals of the Tundra • Lemmings

  25. Animals of the Tundra • Lemmings

  26. Taiga or Coniferous Forest Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia

  27. Taiga or Coniferous Forest • World’s largest land biome • Latitudes between 50ºN and 60ºN

  28. Taiga- • Warmer and wetter than the Tundra • Winters are long and cold • 35 to 40 cm of precipitation yearly (mostly snow)

  29. Plants of the Taiga There is no permafrost, so trees can grow. Mosses and lichens grow on the forest floor. Examples: • Cone-bearing Evergreen trees • Firs • Spruces • Pines • Hemlocks • Cedars

  30. Plants of the Taiga • Fir tree

  31. Plants of the Taiga • Spruce tree

  32. Plants of the Taiga • Hemlock tree

  33. Plants of the Taiga • Liverwort (a moss)

  34. Plants of the Taiga • Mosses

  35. Animals of the Taiga Many animals live in the Taiga. Examples: • Moose • Black Bear • Lynx • Wolves • Badgers • Wolverines • Ermines • Deer

  36. Animals of the Taiga • Moose

  37. Animals of the Taiga • Black bear

  38. Animals of the Taiga • Lynx

  39. Animals of the Taiga • Wolf

  40. Animals of the Taiga • Badger

  41. Animals of the Taiga • Wolverine

  42. Temperate Deciduous Forest Found in Europe, the eastern part of the U.S.A., and China

  43. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Found below 50ºN latitude • 75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly

  44. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons • Below freezing in winter to 30ºC in summer

  45. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Soil is rich in nutrients from layers of decomposing leaves

  46. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Layers of vegetation • Canopy • Understory • Forest floor

  47. Layers of Vegetation Canopy- tree tops that shade the ground below Understory- shrub layer Forest floor- dark and moist layer of dead leaves, twigs, and seeds

  48. Layers of Vegetation Canopy

  49. Layers of Vegetation Understory

  50. Layers of Vegetation Forest floor

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