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AT737

AT737. Radiative Transfer 2. The Radiative Transfer Eqn. Term A. Term B. Term C. Term D. Note that. Therefore. And the RTE becomes. The RTE Simplified. No-Scattering RTE. Schwarzchild’s Equation. Integrated Schwarzchild’s Eqn. No-Emission RTE. volume extinction coef.

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AT737

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  1. AT737 Radiative Transfer 2

  2. The Radiative Transfer Eqn. Term A Term B Term C Term D AT737 Radiative Transfer

  3. Note that Therefore And the RTE becomes The RTE Simplified AT737 Radiative Transfer

  4. No-Scattering RTE Schwarzchild’s Equation AT737 Radiative Transfer

  5. Integrated Schwarzchild’s Eqn. AT737 Radiative Transfer

  6. No-Emission RTE volume extinction coef. single scatter albedo AT737 Radiative Transfer

  7. No-Emission RTE (cont.) TO SATELLITE Direct-Beam Radiation SOLAR RADIATION SURFACE Lo Diffuse Radiation AT737 Radiative Transfer

  8. Gaseous Absorption • Complicated • Ionization-dissociation interactions • Electronic transitions • Vibrational transitions • Rotational transitions • Forbidden transitions • > 100,000 lines (transitions) to be considered! AT737 Radiative Transfer

  9. Lorentz Line Shape Varies with temperature and pressure AT737 Radiative Transfer

  10. Typical Vibration-Rotation Band Vertical transmittance of the atmosphere above 40 km. The P, Q, and R branches of the bending vibrational mode of CO2 can be seen along with absorption due to isotopes of CO2. AT737 Radiative Transfer

  11. Vibration Modes of CO2 & H2O AT737 Radiative Transfer

  12. Visible/Ultraviolet AT737 Radiative Transfer

  13. UV-Vis-Near IR AT737 Radiative Transfer

  14. Infrared AT737 Radiative Transfer

  15. Microwave AT737 Radiative Transfer

  16. Scattering Size Parameter AT737 Radiative Transfer

  17. Scattering Index of Refraction AT737 Radiative Transfer

  18. Scattering Efficiency AT737 Radiative Transfer

  19. Scattering Phase Function AT737 Radiative Transfer

  20. Clouds • Droplets with r ~ 10 µm • Droplet concentration ~ 108 m-3 • Distance between drops ~ 1 mm AT737 Radiative Transfer

  21. Clouds in the Visible Region • l ~ 0.5 µm • c ~ 100 (geometric scattering) • Absorption negligible • Qs ~ 2 • ss ~ 0.1 m-1 • Photon mean free path = 1/ss ~ 10 m • A cloud only a few tens of meters thick scatters essentially all visible radiation incident on it, nearly independent of wavelength. It thus appears bright white. AT737 Radiative Transfer

  22. Clouds in the IR Region • l ~ 10 µm • c ~ 1 (Mie scattering) • Absorption (in the droplets) is high • Clouds act essentially as blackbodies AT737 Radiative Transfer

  23. Clouds in the Microwave Region • l ~ 10,000 µm • c ~ 0.01 (Rayleigh scattering) • Non-raining clouds are nearly transparent, and absorption is proportional to the liquid water content of the cloud. AT737 Radiative Transfer

  24. Surface Reflection • Anisotripic Reflectance Factor • Less than one if radiance is less than a Lambertian surface • Equal to one if radiance is the same as a Lambertian surface • Greater than one if radiance is greater than a Lambertian surface AT737 Radiative Transfer

  25. Surface Reflection AT737 Radiative Transfer

  26. Surface Reflection AT737 Radiative Transfer

  27. Solar Radiation AT737 Radiative Transfer

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