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The Civil War

The Civil War. US HISTORY EOC REVIEW.

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War US HISTORYEOC REVIEW

  2. Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal Treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession. USHC 3.2

  3. “A House divided against itself cannot stand.” -- Abraham Lincoln Election of 1860

  4. Secession The “Upper South” waited… Indian Territory (CSA) The “Deep South” seceded after Lincoln was elected. DOCUMENT

  5. Causes of Southern Secession • Conflicting views about federal authority and states’ rights • Economic and cultural differences between the agricultural South and the industrializingNorth • Debates over the expansion of slaveryinto the western territories • The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860

  6. Jefferson Davis, President Confederate States of America (CSA) 1861-1865 First National Flag of the CSA

  7. War-making Capacity of the North and South

  8. Confederate Advantages • More Competent Generals • Southern Military Tradition • “Home Field Advantage” • DEFENSE as objective • NOT conquest • HIGH STAKES • Survival as objective

  9. The “Anaconda Plan” 2 Capture Richmond 3 Control the Miss. R. General Winfield Scott (1860) 1 NavalBlockade

  10. Decisive Battles of the Civil War

  11. Antietam September, 1862 Lee and McClellan fought to a tactical draw in the bloodiest single day of the war. Afterwards,Lee retreated to VA. STRATEGIC VICTORYfor the Union

  12. The Emancipation Proclamation 1/1/1863 "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free…. “Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion…” DOCUMENT

  13. The Emancipation Proclamation Areas affected Areas specifically exempted

  14. WHY, THEN? 0

  15. Lincoln’s #1 War Aim Preserve the Union • All other goals were secondary • Emancipation a goal IN ADDITION

  16. 1863 Decisive Engagements Lee In 1863, Lee won his greatest victory and suffered his greatest defeat.

  17. Conscription aka, “The Draft” “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight.” -- Anti-draft slogan

  18. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 After his victory at Chancellorsville, Lee invaded Pennsylvania in hopes of gaining a decisive victory on Northern soil.

  19. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 After three days of fighting, Lee failed to defeat the Union Army.LEE’S FIRST TACTICAL DEFEAT

  20. Siege of Vicksburg May 18 – July 4, 1863 Grant

  21. A Turning Point... The back-to-back losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were severe blows to the Confederacy. What effect did these battles have on the Copperhead movement in the North?

  22. The Gettysburg AddressNovember 19, 1863 Fourscore and seven years ago… Of the people, by the people, and for the people… RHETORIC

  23. African-Americans in the Civil War About 180,000 African-Americans enlisted in the Union Army in the later years of the war. • 10% of Union Army / 1% of Population ALL VOLUNTEER Only whites were drafted in the North.

  24. 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The film, Glory (1989), is based on the story of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

  25. The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground, which depicts the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863.

  26. Election of 1864 1856 1860 1864

  27. Four More Years!

  28. TOTAL WAR • After defeating McClellan, Lincoln was no longer bound by political considerations. Lincoln Grant Sherman

  29. Lee vs. Grant Virginia 1864-1865 WAR OF ATTRITION

  30. Sherman’s March 1864-1865 Gen. William T. Sherman (USA)

  31. Sherman’s March 1864-1865

  32. March 4, 1865 Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Compare to First Inaugural

  33. Appomattox Court House Lee Surrenders to Grant April 12, 1865

  34. Richmond, 1865

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