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Understanding Habitat, Niche, and Population Dynamics in Ecology

Explore concepts of habitat, niche, and population growth in ecology, including interactions, competitive exclusion, and community relationships. Learn about population density, survivorship curves, and ecological succession.

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Understanding Habitat, Niche, and Population Dynamics in Ecology

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  1. Habitat and Niche

  2. Density Niche Population Growth Individuals Species Habitat Succession Interactions Primary Distribution Secondary Density

  3. Habitat Where an animal lives All abiotic and biotic factors

  4. What is a Niche?How it lives….. INCLUDES: • Food it eats • Abiotic factors • Behavior

  5. Green tree python and S.American Tree Boa Same habitat and similar Niche

  6. Resource availability give structure to community • Competitive exclusion- 2 species compete the one better suited will push the other out or to extinction.

  7. Competitive Exclusion: Introduced Species

  8. Other outcomes? • Niche partitioning= 2 squirrel species naturally divided resources based on competitive advantage. • Evolutionary response= 2 species could have experienced divergent evolution resulting in different teeth size. • Both outcomes allow coexistence.

  9. Community Interactions: • Competition: 2 organisms fight for the same limited resources. • Interspecific-competition between different species. Eg. lawn different weeds. • Intraspecific-competition between members of same species. Eg. Birds in breeding season, males tolerate birds of different species in territory.

  10. Predation: One organism captures and feeds on another organism. Eg. Snakes.

  11. Interspecific Relationships:Symbiosis • 3 Main types: • Mutualism- interspecies interaction where both organisms benefit from relationship. • Commensalism- relationship between 2 organisms in which one receives an ecological benefit. • Parasitism- relationship where one species directly harms the other.

  12. Mutualism

  13. Commensalism

  14. Parasitism

  15. Population Density • # of individuals area 3 Types: • Clumped • Uniform • Random

  16. Survivorship Curves • Diagram of surviving members over time from measured births.

  17. Population Growth Patterns Immigration-into from another population Emigration-out of and into another pop. Exponential growth:

  18. Logistic Growth Limited resources most have this type. Period of slow growth Brief exponential Levels of when stable= Also called Carrying Capacity

  19. Population Growth • Population Crash- sudden decline, rapidly. • Limiting factor- factor with greatest effect in keeping population size down. • 2 Types: • Density-dependent • Density- independent

  20. Limiting Factors Density-Dependent Competition Predation Parasitism or Disease

  21. Density-Independent Unusual Weather Natural Disasters Human Activities

  22. Ecological Succession • Sequence of biotic changes that regenerate damaged communities or in a previously uninhabited area Primary- development of uninhabited area.

  23. Secondary Succession • Reestablishment of damaged ecosystem with soil intact.

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