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Races & Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for future utilization

Explore the potential of GEM germplasm for enhancing maize traits, including yield, resistance to various stresses, value-added properties, and trait targets. Evaluate released lines and prioritize breeding crosses for effective utilization.

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Races & Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for future utilization

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  1. Races & Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for future utilization Germplasm Enhancement of Maize M. Blanco, C. Gardner, W. Salhuana, M. Shen USDA-ARS NCRPIS GEM - August 17, 2006 -

  2. Review GEM germplasm for target traits, and development Ames & Raleigh (released lines) Private and Public Coop germplasm information Document status of tested/untested accessions Discuss ideas for future utilization of GEM germplasm Prioritization of GEM accessions and breeding crosses Other applications, info needed, etc. Objectives Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  3. Agronomic adaptability - yield, lodging, grain moisture, and Y/M Abiotic stress tolerance: drought and heat Ear mold and mycotoxin resistance: aflatoxin and fumonisin Disease resistance: stalk and leaf diseases Insect resistance (CRW, CEW, ECB) Value-added traits (VAT’s) Grain (protein>13%, oil>6%, and starch>75%) Protein quality Starch functional properties and Bio-energy traits Silage yield & quality GEM Trait Targets Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  4. Summary of GEM trials(year 1998 – 2005) • No. of accessions used 66 • No. of hybrids used 7 • No. of lines used 13 • No. of Populations used 3 • No. of races 21 • No. of breeding crosses tested 220 • No. of breeding crosses untested 260 • No. of release lines 1117 • No. of new breeding crosses 63 • % GEM entries above check means 5.9% Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  5. GEM Accessions by Races and Countries Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  6. GERMPLASM RELEASES (2001-2006) • 135 Released Lines from Ames, Raleigh*, and SCA’s** • Data from 1999-2005 • Emphasis on 2-3 year data, across 2-3 testers • Focus on target traits * A few additional lines were distributed by Raleigh directly ** SCA releases from DE, TX, OH, and WI Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  7. GEM germplasm releases Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  8. GEM releases by country & race (temperate accessions) Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  9. GEM releases by country & race (tropical accessions) Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  10. Accessions with greater than 5% entries above check means (Yr: 1999-2005, Midwest) Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  11. Accessions with <5% entries tested above check means (Yr: 1999-2005, Midwest) Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  12. Low Aflatoxin GEM Lines 2003 - 2004 Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Resistant Resistant Resistant ModResistant Susceptible M. Clements, USDA-ARS, MS (2005)

  13. Breeding crosses with low aflatoxin content Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Resistant Resistant Mod Resist Susceptible Susceptible M. Clements, USDA-ARS, MS (2005)

  14. Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin content Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Jim Holland, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC (2003 - 5) & Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, Woodland, CA (2005)

  15. Fusarium/Fumonisin Resistant Pedigrees Race Country • GEMS-0002:FS8A(S):S09-43-2 Mixed USA • GEMS-0003:2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4 Dente Amarelo Brazil • GEMS-0061:AR16026:S17-10-1-B-B Cristalino Colorado Argentina Germplasm Enhancement of Maize SE32 = BR52060

  16. Fusarium Ear Rot Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Susceptible Line Resistant Line MDI022:N2120-399-001-B GEMS-0002 Public Release Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int’l, Woodland, CA (2005)

  17. Gray leafspot resistant GEM germplasm Germplasm line Derivation Country/Race Germplasm Enhancement of Maize SE32 = BR52060 and PE001 = BR51403 Balint-Kurti, et al., (2006), Carson, et al., (2006), and Hawk et al. (2005)

  18. Pedigree Protein quality index Significant level Germplasm Enhancement of Maize GEMS-0010 GEMS-0017 Normal Check Normal Check Normal Check GEMS-0029 GEMS-0004 GEMS-0031 GEMS-0026 GEMS-0030 Met Check Lys+Trp Check AA Concentration P. Scott & M. Blanco, USDA-ARS, Ames (2005) Protein Quality Index (Met + Lys + Trp) – 3 Year

  19. Amylose and resistant starch content derived from GUAT209:S13 Germplasm Enhancement of Maize J.L. Jane, ISU & M. Campbell, Truman State U., (2005)

  20. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Cuba Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  21. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Brazil Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  22. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Mexico Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  23. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Guatemala and Peru Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  24. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Barbados, Dom. Repub., and St. Croix Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  25. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Thailand Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  26. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines - Argentina Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  27. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – Chile and Uruguay Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  28. Breeding crosses & traits from derived lines – USA Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  29. LAMP Accessions not (yet) tested(but in the pipeline) Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  30. LAMP Accessions not (yet) in Pipeline Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  31. GEM is making progress in identifying target trait phenotypes from ~20 races that can be useful for breeding and genomic applications Raleigh’s strength: developm’t for southern adapt, leaf disease and aflatox./fumon. resistance, and VAT’s (AA index, starch properties) Ames strength: Midwest adapt, anthracnose, CRW, and abiotic stress germplasm; fumonisin resist.; VAT’s (AA, starch properties) Overall, tropical accessions have had better combination of target traits than temperate (so far) Most promising tropical accessions from Cuba, Brazil, Mexico, Thailand Most promising temperate include FS8’s, and earlier material from AR, UR, and Chile with good Y/M, and earliness for Midwest Feedback from cooperators is positive for material released from Raleigh and Ames (CUBA164, FS8’s, DK888’s, and Brazilian derived material) Summary Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  32. GEM has 589 breeding crosses with 123 tested-suggest to prioritize: A. Continue working the remaining untested LAMP’s B. Determine appropriate focus on breeding crosses we have released accessions from C. Utilize successful breeding crosses for specific traits (CUBA164, etc.) D. Implement SSD to reduce rows required for planting ETR S1 families-we can work 3X more pops Lack of information on relatedness of accessions A. Characterize accessions using SSRs or SNPs to assess degree of relationship between races or among accessions within a race B. Develop genomic information on an important accession like CUBA164 with extensive phenotypic information to enhance likelihood of identifying trait associations with specific genotypes. Could be interesting model for future gene discovery Marker assisted selection (MAS) A. GEM lines are heterogenous-need to create homozygous lines for future mapping pops (to be done by partners?) Issues/Suggested Ideas Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

  33. GEM Cooperators Acknowledgements

  34. Acknowledgements Germplasm Enhancement of Maize GEM private and public cooperators USDA-ARS Collaborators GEM staff Andy Smelser, Res. Tech Fred Engstrom, Res. Tech Sue Duvick, Lab Manager

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