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Civil War

Explore pivotal events and notable figures in the American Civil War from the seige of Fort Sumter to the Battle of Vicksburg. Uncover stories of bravery, struggle, and sacrifice in this tumultuous era of American history.

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Civil War

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  1. Civil War The Beginning

  2. Fort Sumter • April, 1861 • Confederate troops surround the Union fort in South Carolina • Union requests and Lincoln sends supplies, Confederates attack • Lincoln sends 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion

  3. The Rebellion • The United States believed that the South was in rebellion and that it would be put down within 90 days • Neither side realized how long the war would last

  4. Bull Run • First battle of the Civil War • Called Battle of Manassas by the South • Just miles from Washington DC • July 1861 • Equal forces, no one wins • Union forces are easily routed in a panicked retreat • Spectator senator was kidnapped, but released

  5. A video • http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/draft-riots/videos/first-battle-of-bull-run?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

  6. Generals George McClelland • Union • The Peninsula Plan • Use the advantage of the Union’s navy to land a large contingent of forces near Richmond, then launch an invasion of superior forces overland • Failed because of indecisiveness • His greatest success was that he was responsible for the creation of a real Union army

  7. Ulysses S. Grant • Union • Lost his commission because of heavy drinking after War with Mexico • Returned to service for Civil War • Still slandered for his drinking • Lincoln never gives up on him • Become hero of the Civil War

  8. William Tecumseh Sherman • Union • Named Brigadier General in the Siege of Vicksburg • Lead the March on Georgia • Burns Atlanta

  9. Robert E. Lee • Confederate • Lincoln asked him to lead Union forces • Could not turn his back on his home and family • Never owned a slave • Veteran of War with Mexico • Most accomplished Confederate general

  10. Thomas Jonathan Jackson • Confederate • Nicknamed “Stonewall” • Fought at Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville • Died from pneumonia on May 10, 1863

  11. Life of a Soldier • Harsh • Limited and poor quality food • Exposure to weather • Social problems • People from different backgrounds and cultures • Inadequate medical care • Battle wounds • Diseases • Kill twice as many as the battles

  12. African-American Soldiers • 1792 • law barred blacks from service • August 1862 • Secretary of War Stanton calls for volunteer black regiments • 1862 • Emancipation authorized the enlistment of African-American soldiers

  13. By the end of the war more than 1 out of 8 Union soldiers is African-American • 21 Congressional Medals of Honor • Higher death rate than white soldiers

  14. Women and the War • South: women take control of the plantations • North: women take the place of men in manufacturing • Though resisted early, by the end of the war both sides are using women in the medical corps • Clara Barton • Elizabeth Blackwell

  15. Battles Battle of Shiloh • April 6, 1862 • Confederates attack Union forces at Shiloh, TN • Reinforcements arrive during the night to prevent a Confederate victory • Did not pursue a retreat • 13,000 of the 63,000 Union soldiers died • 11,000 of the 40,000 Confederate soldiers died

  16. Confederate Invasion of the North • Daring invasion of the North was launched with Maryland and DC in mind • Divide the forces and Jackson won again at the Second Bull Run and Harper’s Ferry • Lee brings his forces from the northern part of Maryland

  17. Antietam • The Bloodiest Day of the War • September 17, 1862 • This area was a flat open expanse that did not allow Lee to create daring maneuvers that were his greatest strength • More than 22,000 died in one 24 hour period • McClellan had Lee crippled, but once again he does not advance and Lee is able to escape to Richmond

  18. Battle of Fredericksburg • December, 1862 • Virginia • Major-General Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan • Forces defeated • Burnside was replaced with General Joseph Hooker

  19. Emancipation Proclamation • With Antietam, Lincoln has his needed victory to issue the first Emancipation • As of January 1, 1863, any slave state that has not rejoined the Union will have all of its slaves emancipated according to federal law • Again, Lincoln was shrewd in his wording, constantly using the ideas of economic reasoning and war justification

  20. Battle of Chancellorsville • April, 1863 • Diminished the Confederate war effort • Suffers massive casualties • Stonewall Jackson died • Could not gain a decisive victory against the Union forces • Crushed Northern morale • Once again Lee trounces another Northern general

  21. Lee’s Resolution • Lee realized after Chancellorsville that the only way to end the war was with a clear Southern victory • A defensive war could no longer work, the Union had too many resources • Time was running out for the Confederacy • This could only be achieved with an invasion of the North

  22. Battle of Vicksburg • May 1863 • Last hold the Confederacy had on the Mississippi River • Took 6 weeks • Cost 30,000 lives • Anaconda Plan successful • Confederacy split in two

  23. A video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/draft-riots/videos/the-union-siege-of-vicksburg?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

  24. Battle of Gettysburg • June – July 1863 • Pennsylvania • Lee invades west of DC in an attempt to decoy a division of the union with actual plans of turning back to DC • Gettysburg is an accidental battle • Reconnaissance teams from both sides stumble upon one another and within a day the entire armies of both sides are engaged in battle

  25. Meade is now in control of Union forces in opposition to Lee • Lee tries for three days to break the Union lines but fails • With the Confederate Army in tatters, again a Union general hesitates and Lee is able to escape

  26. A video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/draft-riots/videos/the-battle-of-gettysburg?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

  27. Gettysburg Address • November 19, 1863 • Gettysburg, Pennsylvania • At the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery  • After the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy • One of the best known speeches in American history

  28. A video • http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/draft-riots/videos/battle-to-end-slavery?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

  29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBr3QeVPv2M

  30. In the South • Confederate States of America formed based on states’ rights and a limited central government • Pres. Davis found himself having to exercise more power in order to obtain goals and to build and supply the military • Support began to wain • Was regarded as a tyrant

  31. Riots • Prices were increasing • Farmers were not being paid fair prices and had no means or protection to improve the situation • Angry citizens began to riot • Davis called for riots to be put down and would not allow riots to be printed in newspaper

  32. In the North • Wealthy businessmen want to trade with the South • Immigrants resent the draft • Wealthy can buy their way out • Immigrants have to compete with blacks for jobs • Growing resentment for free blacks • Don’t want to fight for freedom of slaves

  33. Draft • Conscription Act • Men needed to fill spots vacated by those killed, injured, stricken with illness, or who had deserted • Men could appear for duty, hire a sub, or pay the government a $300 fine • Protests broke out throughout the North • Bonuses were paid to those who signed up • Some signed up in one place, deserted, signed up in another & so on to get the bonus check

  34. May 1863 • Battle of Vicksburg • Last hold the Confederacy had on the Mississippi River • Took 6 weeks • Cost 30,000 lives • Anaconda Plan successful • Confederacy split in two

  35. NY Riots • Immigrant workers viewed blacks with contempt • Irish claimed no quarrel with the South and resented draft • Inflation (general increase in prices) fueled fire • Word arrived about the terrible losses at Fredericksburg and Gettysburg, especially among the Irish units

  36. Riots insued • Draftees assaulted those who appeared wealthy or were black • They burned an orphanage, whipped men and women, hanged people from lampposts • Police struggled for 3 days • Soldiers were called in from the battlefield to help

  37. Over 100 were dead, 300 were injured • City was severely damaged • But the people got what they wanted – welfare relief, draft exemption, and an exodus of blacks

  38. Winter 1863 • War has gone on long enough • Lincoln proposes a plan to reinstate the South to the Union • Congress & others in government attack him for being too lenient on the South and not helpful enough to former slaves

  39. To encourage the troops, Lincoln assigns Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces • New Agenda – Union would attack the Confederacy from every point at once • Army, Militia, and Navy • Grant in VA and Sherman in GA

  40. US Election of 1864 • Some considered Lincoln too radical • Others saw him as too cautious • He managed to receive the Republican nomination • To appeal to Democrats – selected Andrew Johnson – former Dem from TN – as VP • Good news from frontlines brought Lincoln the victory

  41. Sherman’s March • General William Tecumseh Sherman led Union forces across GA, burning and pillaging everything in their path (following the election) • They destroyed Atlanta, made way across GA and Sherman “delivered” Savannah to Lincoln for Christmas

  42. Fall of the Confederacy • April 9, 1865 • Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse • Surrounded General Robert E. Lee met with Union General Ulysses S. Grant to discuss terms of surrender

  43. Assassination • April 14, 1865 • President Lincoln is assassinated in Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth

  44. War is Over • By May 1865 • All Confederate Soldiers had surrendered

  45. Lincoln • https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

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