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BELLWORK : 1/25

BELLWORK : 1/25. What was the National Assembly? Why did they form? What was their goal? List one cause and one effect of the Storming of the Bastille. What new rights/laws were created by the National Assembly? (509-510)

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BELLWORK : 1/25

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  1. BELLWORK: 1/25 • What was the National Assembly? Why did they form? What was their goal? • List one cause and one effect of the Storming of the Bastille. • What new rights/laws were created by the National Assembly? (509-510) • THINKER: How does the guillotine work? Why do you think this was considered a more humane form of execution? Explain!

  2. The Guillotine

  3. The Guillotine • Named after Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a French medical doctor and lawmaker. • In 1790, he proposed that every criminal who was sentenced to death should be executed in the same way, regardless of social rank. • He argued “it was a humane, egalitarian form of execution.”

  4. Law on the death penalty, and the mode of execution to be followed in the future. The National Assembly adopted Guillotin’s proposal in 1791. It became the official execution method of France in 1792. Louis XVI signed it into law.

  5. What do all these scenes of execution have in common?

  6. Rule of the National Assembly & End of the Old Regime (509-510) • What was the goal of the National Assembly? • Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. (Inspiration? Laws?) • How does King Louis XVI respond to this? What eventually happens to him and his family? • How does the National Assembly limit the power of the church? • What type of government did the Constitution of 1791 establish? • How did political radicals view the new Constitution? What did they want instead? (Explain this radical shift!)

  7. French Revolution turns radical! • Radical members of the National Assembly felt the new Constitution did not do enough! • They wanted more change, so they….. • Took the King captive • Forced Assembly to suspend monarchy • Called a National Convention to write a new Constitution  end the monarchy!

  8. The French Republic The Revolution takes a radical & violent shift!

  9. National Assembly Divided: Moderates vs. Radicals Moderates Radicals Believed a monarchy could NOT work Supported individual rights Wanted to abolish rule by the king and implement a republic Led by the Jacobins REPUBLIC! • Believed a monarchy could work • Supported individual rights • Limit power of king by adding a legislature • Marquis de Lafayette • LIMITED MONARCHY!

  10. Partner Discussion • At this point, the French Revolution saw several changes in government – people supported many different types of rule: democracy, republic, monarchy, limited monarchy, absolute monarchy, etc. In your opinion, why is it taking so long to establish a stable government in France?

  11. The French Republic • War with Austria  radicals gained prominence in the National Assembly • In 1792, the National Convention (meeting of National Assembly) met in Paris to create a new government • Ordered the end of the monarchy, and made France a republic! • Meeting from 1792-1795 and passed many democratic reforms, mainly, all men could vote!

  12. The French Republic • Before it could enter a new republic era, the Convention had a problem to deal with……… Louis XVI • In November 1792, a large iron box holding Louis’s secret correspondence with foreign monarchs was found in the royal palace. • Although the letters provided little evidence against Louis, the radicals successfully used them to discredit the monarchs. • In December 1792, Louis was tried before the National Convention and convicted of having “conspired against the liberty of the nation”

  13. In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed by the guillotine. “I forgive my enemies; I trust that my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear that she may suffer the anger of the Lord” Louis XVI as he faced execution The Death of a King

  14. The Death of a Queen • By the time Louis was killed, Marie’s health was deteriorating – she had tuberculosis and cancer. • Marie was arrested and found guilty of treason. • She was executed in October 1793, at the age of 37. • Solidified the shift away from a monarchy and towards a republic!

  15. The Reign of Terror • In the days that followed, enthusiasm and pride swept through France! • Soon, even wealthy Parisians addressed each other as “citizen” rather than “mister” or “madame” • While the nation celebrated the republic, debate over the revolution’s future erupted in the Convention. • Here, a group of extreme radicals, the Jacobins, came into power. • Important radical leaders, like Maximilien Robespierre fought to make the revolution more radical, and more open to extreme & violent change. • They instituted the “Reign of Terror,” (September 1793 – July 1794) in which more than 12,000 people were put to death. • Most were killed because they were suspected of helping France’s enemies during the Revolution. (80% were commoners)

  16. The Reign of Terror

  17. Review • Causes  End of Monarchy  Establishment of Republic  Reign of Terror • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBn7iWzrKoI

  18. "Terror is nothing else than justice; prompt, severe, inflexible justice. The government in a revolution is the dictatorship of liberty against tyranny.”  Maximilien Robespierre, 1794 Robespierre

  19. Jacobins celebrating the death of wealthy aristocrats (left), and when the guillotine wasn’t quick enough, they executed people through mass shootings (below)

  20. A depiction of Robespierre guillotining the executioner after having guillotined everyone else in France

  21. Reading: The Reign of Terror • To learn more about this period in French history, we will read a handout. Be ready to discuss the following points: • Rule of the Jacobins • Why/How people were killed • Revolutionary Tribunal • French citizens’ reactions/responses • Maximilien de Robespierre

  22. In your notes create a review timeline! Directions Events to Include September Massacres Storming of the Bastille Reign of Terror Republic Established Declaration of Rights of Man/Citizen Estates-General meets Radicals take the National Assembly Jacobins come to power Tennis Court Oath Louis XVI’s execution • In your notes, draw a timeline that spans from 1774-1804. • Start with Louis and Marie Antoinette’s rise to power in 1774. (HINT: the next event isn't until 1789 so save room!) • Include all events listed to the right • Save room for three events after the Reign of Terror.

  23. A Humane, Egalitarian Form of Execution? • Before the French Revolution, criminals would be executed in different ways, based upon their social rank. • Condemned nobles would be given a quick death by beheading. • Commoners often faced torture and a long, drawn-out death. • With the guillotine, Dr. Guillotin and other officials thought that they could execute criminals without causing pain or suffering.

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