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Genetics

Genetics. The study of genes and heredity. Gregor Mendel. “father of genetics” Studied pea plants noticed patterns of inheritance. P Generation. F 1 Generation. F 2 Generation. Tall. Short. Short. Tall. Tall. Tall. Tall. Tall. Modern Genetics. Based on DNA

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics • The study of genes and heredity

  2. Gregor Mendel • “father of genetics” • Studied pea plants • noticed patterns of inheritance P Generation F1 Generation F2 Generation Tall Short Short Tall Tall Tall Tall Tall

  3. Modern Genetics Based on • DNA Gene-Chromosome Theory – Chromosomes, located in the nucleus of the cell, are made of tiny units called genes.

  4. Gene: • made of DNA • contains instructions for making proteins • some are dominant, some are recessive

  5. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes.Genes control the TRAITS of the individual

  6. Human Genome Project • Scientists have identified and mapped out the location of all the human genes. • An international Project completed in April 2003 • This information can be used to determine where gene mutations occur in specific diseases.

  7. DNA "The Blueprint of Life"

  8. How do we know so much about DNA? Watson and Crick - • discovered “the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material” In other words… • DNA is the code for our traits and it is in the shape of a double-helix

  9. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

  10. made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

  11. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts:    • PHOSPHATE • DEOXYRIBOSE (5 carbon sugar) • BASE  (A,T,G,C)

  12. DNA contains • the code for all of your traits • The information needed for making all the proteins (and enzymes) for an organism

  13. How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have Ex. C A T C A T   =  purple hair T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

  14. NITROGEN BASES in DNA _____________= A _____________ = G _____________ = C ______________ = T ADENINE GUANINE CYTOSINE THYMINE

  15. Base-Pair Rule A --- T G --- C • These bases are held together by  hydrogen bonds • The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar

  16. T A C C G A T G

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