The French & Indian War (1756 to 1763)

1. The French & Indian War (1756 to 1763) “The Great War for Empire”

2. Was 1763 a "turning point" in British-colonial relationships???

3. North America in 1750

4. 1608- New France Quebec Samuel de Champlain – “Father of New France” Befriended the Huron Indians Coureurs de bois (“runners of the woods”) 1682- Louisiana Robert de LaSalle – floats down Mississippi River 1718- New Orleans controlled the Mississippi 1701- Detroit “City of Straits” Antoine Cadillac Founded to keep the British out of the Ohio River Valley The French in North America

5. 1754  The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne* George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

6. 1754  Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA • Albany Congress • Purpose – coordinate colonial defense • Provided for intercolonial government, a system of recruiting troops, and collecting taxes

7. 1755  Britain Decides to Eliminate France Presence in America • Gen. Edward Braddock  evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia) • Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia. • Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces. Only British Success  expelled French Acadians from Nova Scotia. CAJUNS

8. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Colonial militias served under own captains. • British officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No military protocols observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Professional British officers with servants & tea settings.

9. 1758 – Louisbourg First significant British victory of the war 1759 – Quebec James Wolfe vs. Marquis de Montcalm French were defeated and surrendered One of the most significant engagements in British and American history Gave Britain control in North America William Pitt’s Plan for Victory

10. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England *By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France

11. 1763  Treaty of Paris France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain -->got all French lands west of the Mississippi River & New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

12. North America in 1763

13. Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1.It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2.It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

14. Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3.Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

15. Reorganization of theBritish Empire • Britain shifts its colonial policies • End of “salutary neglect” • Enforcement of the Navigation Acts • British troops in North America to defend colonial frontier

16. The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion Fort Detroit

17. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

18. BACKLASH! British Proclamation Line of 1763.

19. Was 1763 a "turning point" in British-colonial relationships???