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Understanding Bluetooth Technology: Standards and Issues

Explore the fundamentals of Bluetooth technology, its application in creating short-range wireless links, and the challenges and benefits associated with its usage. This comprehensive guide covers the architecture, communication model, connection establishment, link management, and various issues related to Bluetooth technology.

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Understanding Bluetooth Technology: Standards and Issues

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  1. BLUETOOTH THE STANDARD & ISSUES

  2. Why: • Short range wireless links – substitute cables • On-the-fly connectivity for Handhelds’ What: • Low cost, power-efficient & Single chip • 79 channels – 1 MHz. interval • 1600 hops/sec. • 1 Mbps - GFSK • CMOS – low cost , -70 dBm

  3. Interoperability: PROFILE Features and procedures for Inter-working Profiles Controller & Stack Settings Conformance ? BluetoothR Vendor Implementations

  4. ARCHITECTURE COM emulation Discovery Processor-Chip comm. Logical link, Packet delivery Peers’ link management PHY, MAC processing On-chip integration Radio parameters

  5. Bluetooth Communication Model: PICONET Master – Slave concept Park–mode : more devices in Piconet Unique PRN hopping sequences SCATTERNET Inter-Piconet communication Bridging-nodes : Time sharing of Piconets

  6. CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT INQUIRY Faster rate, inquiry signals A B ACK, DA, Clock offset Identical initial hopping sequence PAGING Page, DA (unicast) M S ACK => A : Master Unique PRN

  7. PICONET Expansion Discovery (inquiry) / SCAN Low power modes : Hold, Sniff & Park More than 7 Active slaves possible Slave-Slave comm. not permitted

  8. PICONET CHANNEL FH/TDD scheme : Slot = 625 u-sec. SYNC Link (SCO) Real-time voice apps Bi-directional slot reservation Vocoder : 10b / 1.25 ms. 16 30 33 79

  9. ASYNC Link (ACL) M-S Data comm. : FEC + CRC MTD : Avoids slave collisions & meets QoS 16 17 10 3 33 79 Multi-slots improve channel efficiency

  10. BLUETOOTH LINK MANAGEMENT L2CAP x SAR, Integrity checks Connection oriented <phase, local name> Connectionless : Broadcast, multicast Muxs’ Higher layer protocols using channels Channel identifier <Src, Protocol> SDP Discovery (SDP Queries) – x Invoking Client-Server protocol : service records <UUID, value> Attribute specific SDP query / Browse records v1.1 non-IP & L2CAP optimized functionality

  11. LINK MANAGER LMP msgs : Environment/Link centric parameter adjustment LMP Handshake Authentication A B Shared Key Encryption Secret Key SECURE Out-of-Band Pairing : Secure SEED - PIN generation

  12. ADV L2CAP, SDP & RFCOMM : Firm / Software Allows STACK portability High degree of Interoperability ISSUES Standardization of Control APIs HV1/2 reduces throughput Multi-slot ACL reduces channel hopping rate Discovery latency Affects PICONET capacity More B devices Profile management

  13. BLUETOOTH APPS

  14. REFERENCES • Bhagwat, P., “Bluetooth: technology for short-range wireless apps”, 2001, www.cs.colorado.edu/~rhan/CSCI_7143_002_Fall_2001/Papers /Bhagwat2001_Bluetooth.pdf

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