1 / 31

Biologic Highlights : Vertebrates - Dinosaurs, Mammals, Birds, Ammonites – complex sutures

Explore the fascinating evolution of vertebrates, from dinosaurs to modern birds, and the diversification of invertebrates such as marine bivalves and echinoids. Witness the rise of angiosperms and the Cretaceous Extinction event that changed Earth's ecosystems forever. Uncover the intriguing journey of single-celled Protozoans and the emergence of complex ecosystems in the Mesozoic era.

mcuriel
Download Presentation

Biologic Highlights : Vertebrates - Dinosaurs, Mammals, Birds, Ammonites – complex sutures

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biologic Highlights: Vertebrates - Dinosaurs, Mammals, Birds, Ammonites – complex sutures Protista: Coccolithophores (chalk) Diatoms (diatomite), Forams (sediment), Radiolarians (chert) Angiosperms = first flowering plants (Jurassic/Cretaceous). Massive Extinction - End of Cretaceous (K/T boundary)

  2. Invertebrates: Insects abundant (but record sparse), Marine bivalves surpassed the brachiopods in colonization of the sea floor. Scleractinian corals dominate. Echinoids are the abundant echinoderm. Cretaceous Fossil Sea Urchin = Echinoid

  3. Ammonoidea Cephalopods- 2 Mesozoic groups: Ceratites (abundant in Permian/Triassic), Ammonites (abundant in Jurassic/Cretaceous). Ammonites have the most complex sutures, became extinct at end of Mesozoic.

  4. Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda SUBCLASS COLEOIDEA ORDER BELEMNOIDEA (belemnites) The belemnoids have an internal calcareous shell (which resembles a cigar in size, shape, and color) Mississippian to Eocene - all extinct

  5. Single-celled Protozoans: Radiolarians (siliceous), Foraminifers (carbonates) Foraminifera (“forams”)

  6. Jurassic Radiolaria – Found in Chert

  7. Land Vertebrates- Based on skull openings – Anapsids: lack openings (includes turtles), Synapsids: single opening (includes mammals), Diapsids: two openings (includes crocodiles, dinosaurs/birds, pterosaurs).

  8. Diapsidsdivided into: • Lepidosaurs (lizards, snakes, etc) • Archosaurs(dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodiles ) • Dinosaurs (Late Trisassic through Cretaceous) • divided into: • Saurischia = lizard-hip • Ornithischia= bird-hip

  9. Saurischian Dinosaurs (lizard hip) divided into: Theropods- dominant land predators (including T-Rex, Carnosaurs). Modern birds descended from Theropods. The oldest remains of a true bird are Archaeopteryx from the Jurassic Sauropodomorphs - plant eaters (includes large plant eating saurpods, such as Apatosaurus)

  10. Include Tree of Figure 14-17

  11. OrnithischiansDinosaurs (bird hip), All were plant eaters Includes Stegosaurs, Anklyosaurs, Ceratopsians

  12. Birds=Dinosaurs Scaly skin becomes feathers, early birds had characteristics of theropods (3-toed, fused back-bone, lizard-like hip). Dominated early Tertiary after K/T extinction.

  13. Cycads - seed plants without true flowers – common by Jurassic Time. Angiosperms: flowering plants (enclosed seeds and flowers). Pollen dispersal by insects (more efficient), seed dispersal by animals. Early Cretaceous appearance. By the middle Cretaceous these flowing plants had become widespread.

  14. Mammals Mammal-like reptiles (Synapsids) in the Permian First true mammals in the Triassic – primitive species Mammals divided into Prototherians and Therians – Therians – includes marsupials (present by Jurassic) and placental mammals. Oldest known placental mammals from the early Cretaceous

  15. Cretaceous Extinction Extinction of Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs, Ammonoid cephalopods, many groups of bivalves, and groups of foraminifera Asteroid impact 65.5 million years ago – main cause of the extinction, but secondary influence of volcanic activity and climate changes.

  16. Two possible causes of the Cretaceous Extinction. Volcanic eruptions and the meteor impact need to be considered together when studying and modeling the K-Pg extinction event. Meteor Impact – evidence of Iridium layer, tsunami deposits, tektites. Flood Basalt outpouring causes climate change – Deccan Traps of India. A definitive geological timeline shows that a series of massive volcanic explosions 66 million years ago spewed enormous amounts of climate-altering gases into the atmosphere immediately before and during the extinction [Princeton University (2014)].

  17. First report of unusual deposits at the KT (KPg) boundary was made by the father and son scientists Luiz and Walter Alvarez (UC Berkeley), based on studies they made of deposits at Gubbio, Italy and elsewhere:

  18. The main eruption phases began 250,000 years before the extinction. For the next 750,000 years, the volcanoes unleashed more than 1.1 million cubic kilometers of lava, which comprised about 80-90 percent of the total volume of the Deccan Traps' lava flow.

  19. End of Slide Set

  20. Dinosaurs: leg fits under instead of out. hole in hip, S-shaped neck, fused backbone Saurischians(lizard-hip), plant and meat eaters, includes Sauropods and Carnosaurs (including Theropods).

More Related