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Exploring Mixtures of Matter: Techniques and Types

Learn about mixtures, including homogeneous and heterogeneous types, and methods such as filtration, distillation, crystallization, and chromatography used to separate them.

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Exploring Mixtures of Matter: Techniques and Types

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  1. Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter

  2. Objectives Contrast mixtures and substances Classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous List and describe several techniques used to separate mixtures

  3. Composition of Matter

  4. Mixtures • Combination of two or more pure substances in which the pure substances retain their chemical properties

  5. Examples Salt and water • Sand and water

  6. Types of Mixtures

  7. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Does not blend smoothly throughout it • Individual components remain in distinct areas • No uniform distribution of components

  8. Homogeneous Mixture • Constant composition throughout • Single phase • Also referred to as a solution • Can be solid, liquid, or gas

  9. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

  10. Heterogeneous or Homogenous?

  11. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

  12. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

  13. Separating Mixtures • Reverse of mixing • Since each component of a mixture retains chemical composition… Chemists developed various separation methods

  14. Filtration • Solid from liquid separation • Uses porous medium • Ex: Filter paper

  15. Filtration Apparatus

  16. Distillation • Homogenous mixture separation • Ability of components to form gases • Ex: Salt water Salt + Water

  17. Distillation Apparatus

  18. Crystallization • Used when a solution contains maximum amount of dissolved substance • Add a little more and pure solid particles are produced

  19. Rock Candy Crystallization

  20. Chromatography • “Writing of Colors” • Separation by differing abilities of substances to adhere to various surface solids • Paper, starch • Ex: ink separation by paper chromatography

  21. Chromatography Image

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